Labor Force (Indians)

Letters concerning expenses of San Francisco's factory for years 1789-1794. Documents and letters related to deliveries made by presidios in California to ships and individuals. Commissioner of San Blas promises to pay immediately his debt and ask in the future to send him an invoice with the goods. Letters mentioning amount of money alloted to each presidio. Document containing detailed accounting of San Francisco's factory, presidio and church. Letters concerning expenses of presidios Santa Barbara, San Diego, San Francisco and Monterrey. Letter explaining extra expenses incurred in Monterrey due to fire in presidio and detailed description of repair work and daily life of Indians employed to do it (folio 335-337). (T. Kahana September 1989)

Despacho orders amount paid to Armesto as amount due him for the construction of a ship to be used for the California missions. Documents status report of old one the San Francisco Xavier and refers to regulations for building new one, la Concepcion Indians to be used for construction. (J. M. Johnson, August 1989)

Discussion of ruined state of presidio de Horcasitas; expenses entailed in construction and reconstruction costs, expedition against Seris. Detailed description of construction features and materials. Speculation on cause of deterioration. Documents include beautiful plan view drawing of presidio, F. 243. (D. Marksz, October 1987)

Indians from Sierra de Tamaulipa Vieja attack villages, Pisones at San Pedro mission. Pisones surviving attack are being sent to Tula to be educated and work as servants. Mentions group of villagers with Indian auxiliaries going after attack party. (A. Dean, Jul 1990)

Primarily copies of correspondence between Bonavia, Cordero, Salcedo and virrey regarding defense of Texas border with Louisiana and plans to increase military personnel, artillery, bestias, almacenes, cuarteles, arms, etc. To effectively defend against U.s. land encroachment; included are various letters, to ship military supplies, discussion of local economies and how they will withstand such a population increase (Soldados), discussion of mistakes made by expedition of troops in 1806 and need for better planning and supplies this time, a brief discussion of factories to be established to employ various Indians in region; reference to four packages of gazetas de Nuevo Orleans and fact that communication with Louisiana is prohibited; one letter describes tribes of Indians in region and their way of subsistence (brief but informative); of particular (D. J. McClelland, may 1989)

Sierra Blanca, Sacramento Apaches come to El Paso to exchange work for food. Barrio, his band trade gourds, antelope, bison meat for corn and beans. Letter from Ugarte y Loyola stating orders to discourage open trade at presidios, be wary of friendly advances. In later letter (earlier on reel) he contemplates strengthening commerce away from presidio with trading post near Apache camp. Calvo acting as go between for Spanish, Apache Capitancillos. Report of good relations with Navajos, Comanches, Utes, Xicarillas. Only two thefts in north Nueva Mexico since November, by Natages. Concha has arrived at treaty with Gilenos. Draft of letter praising new peace, but outbreaks of fearing hostility now that Gilenos, their arch enemies are all allies of Spanish. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Compa established at Janos with small troop of Chiricahuas. Yagonxli, natanfui, other Gilenos in reduccion at Ojos Colorados near Janos. Yagonxli sincerely wants peace, but begs release of his Brother Tagaguechie from chaingang in capital before he will make treaty. Ugarte y Loyola tries to arrange it. Yagonxli, his men on work detail at Janos. Rich exalting nature, death better than humiliation. Also warrior. Letter from Compa to his Father Ugarte y Loyola, part of another page blocking most of content. Draft of letter saying bad idea to make peace with Apaches, preferable to keep trust of Comanches, other tribes who hate Apaches. Suggests capturing all Apaches, shipping adults to Havana. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Documents concerning mismanagement of temporal and spiritual resources leveled by bishop of Guadalajara and others against Ramon, interim governor of Coahuila, and vaga, padre comisario. Also, real cedula ordering that viceroy remedy problems in aforementioned province. (J. H. Ochs, December 1987)

Documents concerning Ramon's punitive expedition against rebel Indians in Coahuila, founding of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Tlaxcala, and other issues. Cuerbo de Valdes mentions death of 5 soldiers in aforementioned campaign, distribution of captive women and children to participating soldiers; requests supplies of arms and powder. Also included is fiscal's comments and suggestions, decisions of junta general concerning Coahuilan affairs which threatens hacenderos with fines should they be found guilty of mistreating Indians. Lastly, Cuerbo de Valdes' auto de Fundacion of new Pueblo of Tlaxcala colonized by Indians from Saltillo. (J. H. Ochs, December 1987)

Rodriguez Gallardo's deposition and remarks to informe written by visitor of Jesuit missions in Sonora. Issues discussed include consolidation of dispersed pueblos de indios; military escort for religious entradas into frontier areas; definition of indios vagantes; reasons for Pueblo desertion. Cites various articles from recopilacion de Leyes de las indias concerning reduction of Indians to mission life. author suggests that 2,000 pesos be sent to governor of Sinaloa to combat Apaches and that Barrancas of Sierra Madre be cleared of small Tarahumaran rancherias, and Indians gathered to be settled in larger pueblos. Also discussed are issues of election of Indian civic officials, regional officials to oversee Indian communities, Indian labor at missions, and punishment of mission Indians. Included is definition of siembras de comunidad versus siembras de Iglesia; number of Indians needed for a Pueblo to be legally recognized. Also, suggestions concerning land tenancy, education and repartimiento system in Sonora. (J. H. Ochs, November 1987)