Treaties

Index and extractions from legajo 10 (1763), quadernos 1-8, containing administrative, military, and religious information regarding provincias of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Texas, San Sabas, Nayarit, and Californias. Indexed material includes election of captain of Rosario missions; request for firearms and gunpowder for Guadalaxara; problems with and punishments of Apaches, Seris, Pimas; Tubac captain presents teniente and Alferez titles; proclamation of peace with England and France published; petition of payment for clothing and arms costs for soldiers sent to San Saba; company organization against Apaches; military salaries; two priests murdered by Apaches; lack of corn in Coahuila; Piedras Indians ask for mission; Velasco asks permission to run market; ship run aground at Coopanes; epidemic in Santander; Tamaulipa mines; cannons; population projections; topical summary listing for index (J. Hiller, July 1989).

Malnourished Seri fugitives arrive at Pitic, are given rations of corn, wheat by presidio. Reference to 1784 when Seris Tepocas, Tiburones conceded peace, were given rations of wheat and land sufficient for survival, on conditions they wore clothes and ceased practicing their religion. Troop from Pitic with Seri, Pima auxiliaries meets Apache family traveling on Cienega road, attacks them. Mentions 24 Chiricahuas who concede peace at Bacoachi, September 20. Mention of 96 Seri residents in Pitic. Original copy of official order by viceroy that any soldier or auxiliary who kills or injures any Indian in reduccion or under treaty will be Charged with treason. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Sierra Blanca, Sacramento Apaches come to El Paso to exchange work for food. Barrio, his band trade gourds, antelope, bison meat for corn and beans. Letter from Ugarte y Loyola stating orders to discourage open trade at presidios, be wary of friendly advances. In later letter (earlier on reel) he contemplates strengthening commerce away from presidio with trading post near Apache camp. Calvo acting as go between for Spanish, Apache Capitancillos. Report of good relations with Navajos, Comanches, Utes, Xicarillas. Only two thefts in north Nueva Mexico since November, by Natages. Concha has arrived at treaty with Gilenos. Draft of letter praising new peace, but outbreaks of fearing hostility now that Gilenos, their arch enemies are all allies of Spanish. (A. Dean, April 1989)

A detailed explanation of 54 articles that are relevant to the comission that Ugarte y Loyola will undertake which discuss the battle tactics and customs of Apaches especially as it relates to their dead, success against chiriguaris, peace treaty with Apaches, continued attacks from outlaws and instructions for remedy of this situation, freedom in troop use, renewed pardon, the right to hang on the spot any person caught actively collaborating with the Apaches, instructions on how to handle military prisoners, situations in which Indian labor is exploited, travel restrictions, abuses against Indians with their grain harvests, census of Indians, giving priority to Indians in use of lands not now under cultivation, inappropriate distribution of people in settlements, Jesuits confiscation of goods to be reversed now that they have been expelled from area, instructions on visitas, reduction of Taraumares in Sierra Madre under the colegio de Guadalupe de Zacatecas, military use of Indians by generals and tenientes, and abondonement of the real Tabahueto. (O. Velez, August 1989)

Printed copy of official proclamation of peace treaty among France, England, Spain, and their colonies. Includes summary of events leading up to signing of treaty. Bears viceroyal seals. (A. Dean, February 1989)

(D. Marksz, August 1987)

Summary of various letters: 1 - Concerns friendship with naciones del norte. 2 - Refers to Comanche raids, killing of people, and stealing of horses. 3 - Describes unsuccessful campaign against Comanches. 4 - Asks how to deal with peace treaty promised to naciones del norte. 5 - Questions motives for treating groups as enemies that have been promised peace. 6 - Explanations for not following comandante inspector's orders to transfer sick families from Lobanillo because of dangers presented by Indians. 7 - Describes capture of one Comanche group and unsuccessful campaign against another. (M. Vasquez, March 1988)

Interim gobernador of Californias, Arrillaga, requests a legal opinion (consulta) as to what should be done about neutral ship which put into a Spanish port asking for aid, but then after having received help continued to land at other ports. Final decision is based on treaties, signed in Madrid in 1795, between Spain and United States, and Spain and France. These treaties define territorial limits for navigation and commerce between signatory nations. Royal orders of May 3 and 31, 1792 gave detailed instructions for protection of heartland by coast guard. These contribute to a royal resolution proclaimed on July 15, 1805, which authorized legal seizure (comiso) of ships and cargo of ships of any nation whatsoever that breaks or exceeds boundaries agreed upon in earlier treaties. Most interesting aspect of these documents, including ones to-from virrey of Buenos Aires, is great preoccupation with Anglo-American and-or British incursions into waters of Spanish territories. Opinions are exchanged which fear that many of these ships under pretense of emergency aid are actually engaged in illegal activities such as contraband and-or whaling, fur, or leather trade. (J. M. Johnson, December 1986).