Indians (Trade)

Not being granted a license to trade with the Comanche, Sandoval and friends plot against real Alencaster in Pecos and try to incite people against the governor in other areas. Sandoval arrested and jailed. (Robert H. Jackson) (1980)

Informes investigating identity of Apache Guadalupe Rodriguez who claims to be lieutenant of natives at San Salvador mission. Controversy regarding Rodriguez' passport which was lost and the issue of a second. Interrogation of Rodriguez and guide Maldonado questions motives of Rodriguez' arrival in Mexico City. Account (135) of Rodriguez' route from Dolores to capital. Mentions Anglo-american Apache relations (135.5-136); Rodriguez witnesses anglos trading liquor, cigars, gunpowder and arms to Apaches for antelope and bison. (J. Hiller, April 1989)

Concha states that Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Apaches, Faraones, Navajos, Yutas and Cumanches are present in New Mexico --the latter two being numerous and strong. Provincia composed of 8 jurisdictions. Reports that town Indians are applied workers that cultivate carefully their lands, selling part of their crops, and dressing selves with fabricated textiles. Indians reported to enjoy a comfort greater than in anywhere in the two Americas. Indians also credited as robust and agile in war. Notes that Spanish population, much more numerous, is equally dedicated to agriculture and care of livestock. Women weave cotton and wool skillfully. Notes snowy Weather conditions. Provincias, use of bartering and coins called pesos de la tierra. Reports that residents and Indians are very obedient in military campaigns; however, they are not richly provided for. Indians lack instruction from missions while Spanish have little. Description of makeup and excellent quality of troops in provincia. Notes advantages of alliance with Cumanches, Nabajoes, Yutas to unite against common Apache enemy. Geographic and military plans of two summer campaigns which utilize Allied Indian nations. (J. Hiller, may 1989)

Various documents to viceroy including letters from Bustillo about his walk for a month from presidio Bahia to Adays to take over office of governor, carrying supplies of flour, cattle, horses, sheep, clothing, describing hardship and lack of watering holes thru journey. Bustillo indicates to viceroy his perception about Indians of area stressing his wanting to remain friendly with them, governor visits each town for 24 hours, sending his own horse to bring to a meeting a doubting chief. Governor wants to replace soldiers of color quebrado who he thinks are not to smart as Spaniards, fills Plaza of liutenant and Alferez for presidio in temporary Basis as title holders are sick, pays salaries to soldiers stressing not to advance monies in liu of salary but only providing soldiers with supplies. Governor makes lists of inventories of crown properties including armament, makes a military roll in which copy he calls himself gobernador y capitan general de las provincias de Thexas y Nueva philipinas, governor also indicates lack of gunpowder for cannons; reports trade between Frenchmen and Indians, French bring vegetables to trade for soap, tobacco, Chocolate with soldiers of presidio. Two Frenchmen request license to trade openly with Indians but governor negates license as he believes there are to many arms and ammunition among Indians which he believes the French have provided. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

All Seris except Chepillo and family flee Pitic on July 15, 1790. Chepillo imprisoned. Detachment sent to Cerro Prieto to find and reconcile ingrates, begin new reduccion. Since Seris aren't raiding, revealing location, troop can't find them. With Seris gone, Ugarte y Loyola cuts off supplies ordered by bishop of Sonora for Seri mission. Francisco, two envoys come to Pitic to negotiate better arrangement. Seris want independent nation, to trade fish, antelope with Spaniards for grain, to participate in christianity only when they want. No deal made, but Seris start appearing for mass at Banamichi. Mora named missionary there. Seris slowly trickle back to Pitic. Occasional brief references to plan for staging campaign against frontier Apaches. 450 men, including Opatas, Pimas reserved for fighting. (A. Dean, may 1989)

Indice concerns the auditing and liquidation of accounts in Texas in 1791 and 1792 by relevant personnel in the real tribunal de Cuentas; letters relating to the transmittal of these military communications; letter about Pacheco outlining the measures used to keep Indian groups pacified, reiterates that much of te peace rests on the continuation of the gratifications, mention of relocating the Lipanes in Coaguila. (O. Velez, November 1989)

Nava informs virrey that he told Texas gobernador how to treat Lipanes de Arriba y de Abajo; of peace treaty signed by Nava and Arriba Lipanes on February 8, 1791 -- copies sent to gobernadores of Coahuila, Texas, Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Santander. Virrey asks Nava to consider how either to make peace with all Lipan bands or to make war to obligate them to request peace; king spends more than a million pesos defending provincias. Virrey orders Nava and Castro to discuss Indian situation, send him information to make decision. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Letters between Nava and virrey. Nava informs virrey of progress toward peace with Lipanes; relations between Lipanes and four northern nations; Indians' methods for obtaining goods stolen from Spanish for weapons from French or northern Indians. Virrey instructs Nava in Indian affairs; which tribes may be trusted or not; how to deal with Indians other than Capitancillos; suggests that Nava take advice from Ugalde. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Very detailed inventory of hacienda, including chapel, furnishings, debts, servants, cowpokes, ect. (p. Coyle January 1990)

Letter concerning commercial trade between French and various tribes. Gives distances among San Antonio de Bexar, nacocdochez, Guadalupe; areas analyzed topographically for suitability for livestock farming, water supply; detailed report on types of trees. Local Indian tribes described by location, name derivation, nearness to waterways. Cannot determine how many of these Indians are armed. Mentions Croix, Armat as Principal traders providing weapons to Indians. (O. Velez, February 1990)