Cotton

(Robert H. Jackson) (1980)

Requesting, in conformance with several pieces of legislation and the findings of a junta held in New Mexico, that master weavers be sent to New Mexico to develop that industry, and, that an annual trade fair be sanctioned in El Paso to be held in September. (Robert H. Jackson) (1980)

Concerns conditions of San Antonio presidio, surrounding missions, including- controversy between Franciscans and capitan Flores; Apache raids, campaigns, peace negotiations; investigations of murder of Antonio Gonzalez (Correo) by Indians; construction of acequia to irrigate mission orchards, fields of cotton maiz; mission Indian weaving industry of cotton, wool; murder of capitan Ramon by Indians in Espiritu Santo area. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Cuenta de Propios for caldos, semillas, harina, frutas, and cotton (first time?) Giving names, prices, and quantities. (P. Hayes) (1977)

29 articulos concerning Colonial government, including election, responsibilities of officials, civil procedure, protection/discipline of Indians, encouragement of bee, cotton wheat industries, regulation of irrigation, protection against Vagabonds, bandits, hostile Indians, etc. Excellent overview of responsibilities of Colonial government. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Concha states that Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Apaches, Faraones, Navajos, Yutas and Cumanches are present in New Mexico --the latter two being numerous and strong. Provincia composed of 8 jurisdictions. Reports that town Indians are applied workers that cultivate carefully their lands, selling part of their crops, and dressing selves with fabricated textiles. Indians reported to enjoy a comfort greater than in anywhere in the two Americas. Indians also credited as robust and agile in war. Notes that Spanish population, much more numerous, is equally dedicated to agriculture and care of livestock. Women weave cotton and wool skillfully. Notes snowy Weather conditions. Provincias, use of bartering and coins called pesos de la tierra. Reports that residents and Indians are very obedient in military campaigns; however, they are not richly provided for. Indians lack instruction from missions while Spanish have little. Description of makeup and excellent quality of troops in provincia. Notes advantages of alliance with Cumanches, Nabajoes, Yutas to unite against common Apache enemy. Geographic and military plans of two summer campaigns which utilize Allied Indian nations. (J. Hiller, may 1989)

Index of letters that are included in this Series; Bonavia establishes duty on goods entering the port of Sonora, models it on San Blas duty at meeting of junta provisional de real hacienda; letter from virrey acknowledging receipt of above letter; intendent of Guadalaxara receives information on meeting of junta provisional; long letter furnishing information on the regulations, rights, and other details of the process by which duties are Charged in San Blas, letter divided into 28 capitulos which in general discuss; the distinction between duties and taxes and the related question of jurisdiction, economic motivation for their imposition and effect on commerce and prices, importation of cotton from Panama and foreign producers and a complete list of the duties Charged on this merchandise. Cites the increased costs being suffered because of the revolution in the context of seeking additional revenue, cites the benefits to the port of San Blas because of the increase in commerce, mention made of the taxes and duties Charged on goods that are foreign but have gone through Spain before coming into the Americas, more specifically there are different rates on foreign goods that have been espanolizado depending on which american port they enter, San Blas has a privileged status in this regard; second half of letter titled derecho de entreda, duros de internacion , up until capitulo 12 has a description of duty Fee percentages, the prestamo patriotico is reduced by 1/2 percent for those who pay duties, comparison of these rates with those in Lima - compare favorably, virrey has stated that the charging of these duties should be arranged so as to most resemble reglamento Al comercio Libre del Ano de 1778, lists the taxes that will be paid on foreign goods that first are espanolizados and pass through Guatemala, Santa Fe, and Peru before passing through the port of San Blas, analysis in the change of these taxes with those that had been inuse before, lists the commodities that will be Charged duties, last part of letter goes into the context of the situation as justification for these new taxes and lastly cites all the names of those who were part of the junta general and were witness to these new changes. (O. Velez, September 1989)

Letters concerning expenses of San Francisco's factory for years 1789-1794. Documents and letters related to deliveries made by presidios in California to ships and individuals. Commissioner of San Blas promises to pay immediately his debt and ask in the future to send him an invoice with the goods. Letters mentioning amount of money alloted to each presidio. Document containing detailed accounting of San Francisco's factory, presidio and church. Letters concerning expenses of presidios Santa Barbara, San Diego, San Francisco and Monterrey. Letter explaining extra expenses incurred in Monterrey due to fire in presidio and detailed description of repair work and daily life of Indians employed to do it (folio 335-337). (T. Kahana September 1989)

Very useful analysis of conditions of Nueva California with details as to funds and costs to be incurred by military and include - economic benefits and improvements in cattle raising, improvements in agriculture techniques and crops grown. Role of missionaries and changes due to and since Jesuit expulsion. Provisions to be supplied to Indians, settlers, military and missionaries; militia formation; housing and choosing community leaders; required annual inspection of establishments; work habits, recreation and rewards to combat idleness. Salt supply and transportation. Appeal to be made to viceroy to enforce law should clergy refuse to oppose regulations. Relocation of include - establishment of towns, workshops, mills with suggestions on where to locate, what to produce, what to teach Indians. Military service for residents of Nueva California. Use of whale sperm and fat. Shipbuilding. Development and taxes. Investments and profits. Accounting procedures for agriculturalists and religious. Military, religious, Naval salaries. Better communication needed for cooperative trade between two Californias. Importance of further exploration of coast. (J. M. Johnson, may 1989)

Llanos y Valdes, the bishop, is accused of carefully cutivating several crops while not allowing any of the benefits to go to the poor or to the public in general. Mention is made of the halted construction in Monterrey of cathedral, Hospital, convent, and seminary. Several informes addressed to the virrey Revilla Gigedo asked him to find speedy solutions to the various problems caused by the bishop; one even asked for the aid of the church in Madrid. As one author stated, the overall problem is the mismanagement by Llanos y Valdes of the Diezmos for the diocesis. On January 24, 1794, Llanos de Valdes wrote to Revilla Gigedo on his own behalf; he denied mismanaging the Diezmos and said that the money made from the crops was enough to cover only a portion of the debts of the Diezmos. Additionally, Llanos y Valdes' excommunication of Rubalcava came up again (he received such treatment for being absent from the Pesqueria el Grande Valley without the permission of the bishop). Ff. 427 is chart of monetary transactions for ecclesiastical items. Ff. 421 and 431-435 and 439 are also charts; they are copies of pages from rublacava's books as contador de Diezmos for Monterrey. Ff.411 is followed by informes, also copies of earlier documents, explaining the chart's contents. (S. Langmack may 1990)