Indians (Conversion)

Concerns tenant Indians and those under protection having to leave missions to make room for another nation (Piedras) who were roaming in countryside stealing for survival; only Indians who were paying taxes could remain on missions; also concerns transferral of title protector de misiones de Concepcion y purificacion from Garcia Davila to Cantu. (K. Hubin, November 1989)

Fayni tells Bucareli of Apache-Tarahumara union and joint depredations near Chihuahua 1772-75. Bucareli notes that because laws protect Indians, individual sedicion is preferable to mass reduccion. Request that Indian prisoners be moved from overcrowded Chihuahua jail to Guadalaxara for confessions. expresses intent to construct more jails. (S. Gibbs, September 1989)

Series of autos and testimonies about military activities undertaken in the area of Guajuquilla, frontiers of Colotlans, to convert Tovoso and Zacatecas Indians. Testimonies taken to Indian leaders and civil government officials to certify legitimacy of troops' activities in conquest Indians. Testimonies mention how religion was used to convert Indians. Lists of military personnel included within some autos. (document is very repetitive). (M. Marroquin, June 1989)

Autos and certificaciones about the conquest and conversion of Indians from Nayarit. Document gives account of detail of how conversion of Indians was done; I.e. using religion, translators, religious personnel etc. Indians didn't want to accept Christian religion. Petition made so Indian auxiliaries could receive pensions just as other soldiers did. (M. Marroquin, June 1989)

Concerns document dealing with dispute of authority between government officials. alcalde mayor of Xeres is stripped of his authority to appoint justices and order building constructions. Letters explains detail of controversy over controlling real de Bolanos such as incapability of mayor of Xeres, who had jurisdiction in the area, to handle tasks like administration of justice among Indians, agricultural improvements to avoid floods etc. Gorospe is appointed corregidor of Bolanos and relieved from paying taxes. (M.marroquin, June 1989)

Concerns publication (book ?), of administrative proceedures sent from conde de Galvez to Ugarte y Loyola regarding the governing of Provincias Internas del oriente and Occidente. Specificies the kind of events the commanders of each province muist report back. Document comprises gives a break down of the many characteristics that Spanish colonization implemented in the conquest of Indian territories. Strategies of the conquest are explained in this document, such as use of Indian controversies to facilitate their reduction. History of how the conquest began is given. Document explains trade Spaniards had with some Indian nations in order to subjugate them. Specific indications of what type of activities were allowed for Indians under Spaniard's domination is given. Characteristics of several Indian nations are provided, such as which one was friendly and/or hostile. (this document is a very important summary of almost all kind of activities the Spanish conqueror had to implement in their fight against tricks used, legislation among provinces, judicial organization, religious strategies etc. Etc.). (M. Marroquin, June 1989)

Monthly reports with daily entries from Linares presidio to Juan Ugalde on Indian attacks, pillaging, horse rustling, desertion, and renegade soldiers; payroll distribution and widespread illness with fever. (E. Wilson, June 1989)

Important document regarding the political and geographical and Alta. Valdello went with Ruiz to explore lands. Discussion of advantages (spiritual and temporal) of dividing government of Antigua and Nueva Californias, including faster Indian conversion Rate and agricultural progression. Reference to historical annexation of California to Sonora and movement of government from Loreto to Monterrey (500), leaving captain acting as teniente of government of Baja California. Notes great geographic distance between these sites and remoteness of Loreto to Monterrey leaders busy with, among other things, northern new establishments and spiritual needs (conversion). Division is suggested for these reasons. Governmental division will expedite Monterrey-to-Loreto correspondence to 60 or 70 days (502). Discussion of moving governor to border to open communication between north and south. Sonoran captains' annual salary (505). River usage for communication and commerce. (J. Hiller, April 1989)

Copy of reserved instructions that Neve governor of Californias government should be to conserve peace in peninsula --treating of areas of Indians not yet made docile, including punishment of Gentiles for killing livestock in San Francisco to communicate all mission orders to Junipero or Hidalgo; other encouragement to avoid strife. Document also includes letter from Galvez regarding governor's salary. (J. Hiller, January 1989)

Various autos by Sola dealing with maritime traffic in the Californias. Sola submits listing of duty charges for use of national ships carrying sand, grease, a ramrod, leather, wool (clean and dirty),chamois leather, otter. He requests that national ships receive same rights that were demanded at their ports of origin. Itinerary for ship San Antonio (32-men crew) which left Lima destined for California and frigate cazadora which made various stops --panama, Lima, Chile, and other american ports before arriving in California. Recounts ship's need of landing to gather wood and water. Short account of Buenos-Ayres rebels attacking Chile due to lack of resources --medicine, agricultural tools, etc. Frays Duran and Marquinez protest new tax placed on goods from new Indian converts.