Punishments (Annihilation)

Series of documents dealing with military campaigns against Apache Indians; summary of Indian activities and hostilities against the Spaniards; military operations against Indians resulted in the recovery of horses, cattle and the capture of Indians who were taken prisoners and cut their ears off, some Indians were decapitated; chart in this document condenses outcome of military actions against Indians (number of prisoners, combat casualties, Indians killed and animals recovered); military operation is organized and leaves in pursuit of Indian leader who escaped from coachi; letter is sent to the viceroy giving notice of Apache leader being resettled in presidio of Tupson. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Detailed response to Castro's criticism of peace with Apaches Lipanes. Cautions Castro for insubordinate, self- indulgent, insulting tone, content of letter. Suggests Castro's interpretation of his, others' orders distorted, simplistic. Extermination of Lipanes militarily-financially impossible, morally deplorable. Indian attacks now decreased in number, severity. Long discussion of Lombrano's flight from Santa Rosa, seen as reasonable given cruelty of unprovoked attacks on Lipanes at Bexar, Santa Rosa by troops under Pacheco, Ugalde. Peace with southern Lipanes is rational, necessary. Discusses causes, effects of Indian unrest in Coahuila, Nueva Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, Sonora noting Mescalero wars began due to murders by ranchers. Soquina, Soxaes charges against Munoz unsubstantiated, said can be reconciled to peace with Lipanes given proper inducements. Nava will conduct negotiations in his command, if Castro unable, unwilling to do same he will be retired and another appointed who is willing to do so. (J. Higgins, April 1989)

Brief index of volume 170 compiled in 1883. Castro's 127 point harangue of viceroy's efforts to establish peace with Lipanes; reiterates prior criticisms, cites correspondence with king. Contends peace plans contradict prior orders issued by viceroy, his predecessors, real reglamento of presidios, opinions of commanders Croix, Neve, Ugalde, Ugarte y Loyola. Questions Revilla Gigedo and Nava's understanding, knowledge of Indians. Maintains no benefit Santander under Caudillo Sox; Apache Lipanes hostilities in Bexar toward Comanches, other friendly tribes; their attack on Castro at Santa Rosa. Sees Nava's negotiation with Orizaba Lipanes as expensive capitulation detracting from army's ability to protect citizens. Favors exterminating Lipanes, cites Galvez plan to pit tribes against each other, increase troop numbers. States Comanches Soquina, Soxaes and followers committed to friendship with Spain, war against Lipanes despite mistreatment by Munoz. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Concerns Series of documents dealing with preparation of alegatos in consejo de guerra against Puga and Murgier form Nuevo Santander. Documents consists of testimonios from the prisoners, soldier, and Indians involved in the killing of five Indian leaders executed in cold blood by Murgier's order, debate over fact that order was given verbally instead of in writing. Documents raise question of why Indians were indeed killed. Soldier on duty who left muergier to leave his post of arrest is arrested too. Arrest warrant issued for Puga and Murgier (M. Marroquin, March 1989)

Concerns Series of oficios certified by comisionad Fernandez on the consejo de guerra being carried out against Puga and Murgier, accused of killing five Indians in cold blood. Documents described Murgier as a corrupt and a tyrant who abused people taking advantage of his position (i.e. One witness testified that once he found Murgier with a woman in bed, other said that Murgier called his soldiers estupidos all the time). (M. Marroquin, March 1989)

Series of documents dealing with refund to Murgier; prosecution of Puga and Murgier for killing Indians in cold blood; judges chosen for military court; sentencing of Puga and Murgier; Series of testimonies from soldiers implicating Puga for the killing of five Indians in cold blood; defense is made arguing that testimonies are a total fabrication from witnesses against defendants; Perez and Olazaran are punished for abuses of authority; allegation that Munoz disliked the defendants so he went ahead and prosecuted them; documents speaking of corruption of government officials; defendors Argue that prosecutors don't count good things Murgier did for provinces and Indians pacification; defense of Puga made against allegations that he killed Indians by his own choice and not under orders of Murgier (M. Marroquin, March 1989)

Concerns publication (book ?), of administrative proceedures sent from conde de Galvez to Ugarte y Loyola regarding the governing of Provincias Internas del oriente and Occidente. Specificies the kind of events the commanders of each province muist report back. Document comprises gives a break down of the many characteristics that Spanish colonization implemented in the conquest of Indian territories. Strategies of the conquest are explained in this document, such as use of Indian controversies to facilitate their reduction. History of how the conquest began is given. Document explains trade Spaniards had with some Indian nations in order to subjugate them. Specific indications of what type of activities were allowed for Indians under Spaniard's domination is given. Characteristics of several Indian nations are provided, such as which one was friendly and/or hostile. (this document is a very important summary of almost all kind of activities the Spanish conqueror had to implement in their fight against tricks used, legislation among provinces, judicial organization, religious strategies etc. Etc.). (M. Marroquin, June 1989)