Indians (Reduccion)

Informe from Castro to Revilla Gigedo documenting hostilities by Lipanes as reason not to negotiate peace with them. Shorter letters among Revilla Gigedo, Merino, Nava concerning peace negotiations at presidio del Norte despite Castro's reservations. Letter from Nava describing history of peaceful relations with other tribes, beginning equally violently, but now successful; asks to desregard Castro's objections, negotiate anyway. Quite a lot of detail of specific incidents (raids, trading, etc), but mostly redundant documents. F.254 list of specific affronts by Lipanes, Mescaleros, including place, date occurring. F.255 el Lipiyan Capitancillo de toda la Apacheria conocido en la Vizcaya Por el Nombre de 'el Calvo' . . . . mentions Comanche Capitancillos reporting to Spaniards how Apaches keep supply of powder, bullets. F.257 mentions Lipanes trading with French. F.259 mentions el Calvo's Apache name is Picax-Ande, translated as brazo Fuerte. F.286 mentions Mezcaleros being provided with arms, livestock, wheat from presidio del Norte. F.294 mentions Lipanes trading their plunder with Indians to the north. F.302 mentions Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Mezcaleros in reduccion since 1790, Chiricahuas since 1786. V. 307 discusses treaties among Nabajoes, Chiricahuas, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, Mescaleros. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Nava commissions Cordero to investigate rumors Mescaleros receive weapons, munitions from Spanish which are traded to Lipanes for stock stolen from Coaguila, Mescaleros then trading stolen animals with citizens , soldiers in Norte, El Paso, San Eleazario. Lipiyan Picax-Ande Ynstintle de Ugalde may be involved. Cordero to interview soldiers, citizens there. Leaders, rancherias, locations, numbers, those not reducido; horses acquired from Indians since peace established, since order issued only unbranded, unshod to be traded; how often, how many, which Lipiyanes in Norte since peace, goods traded. same to be conducted in San Elezeario, El Paso, Norte. Branded stock of unknown origins traded after peace, none since order issued; number, location, size, leaders of Mescalero rancherias, their travel, trade activities; unidentified Indians seen at Tinaja del Paisano with unfamiliar stock; Picax-Ande seldom seen in area, whereabouts unknown; few violations of peace; some small thefts suspected of Pases-Fla. (J. Higgins, April 1989)

In 26 sections Bucareli informs and makes recommendations to Dominicans. Review visitador Galvez recommendations on fiscal and administrative matters from 1769 and Nuevo real reglamento de presidios of 1773. Relations between gobernador and comandantes of presidios. Reduccion and education of Indians by colegio fernandino missionaries. Need for better communication and coordination of responsibilities between authorities in Loreto and Monterrey. References to Leyes de indias on prohibiting use of Spanish ports by foreigners. Minerals and status of production of mines. Conflicts between Barri and ministros reales. (J. M. Johnson, may 1988)

Series of documents dealing with problems in administration of doctrinas in missions of Nuevo Reyno de Leon. Missions are under the directorate of fray Galindo who speaks Indian languages. Irregularities in missions administration are reviewed by visitador Religioso. Documents explain how important it is to indoctrinate Indians in area. Indians are said to be forthcoming in learning Spanish. (M. Marroquin, September 1989)

Series of autos dealing with distribution of land to colonizers brought from canary islands to San Fernando (capital of of Tejas and Nuevas Filipinas). Fray Vergara reports on the difficulties resulting from insufficiency of water supply to irrigate land in vicinities of Rio San Antonio. Account of events in San Fernando given. I.e. Indians stealing horses, wheat and corn plantations etc.). (M. Marroquin, September 1989)

A detailed explanation of 54 articles that are relevant to the comission that Ugarte y Loyola will undertake which discuss the battle tactics and customs of Apaches especially as it relates to their dead, success against chiriguaris, peace treaty with Apaches, continued attacks from outlaws and instructions for remedy of this situation, freedom in troop use, renewed pardon, the right to hang on the spot any person caught actively collaborating with the Apaches, instructions on how to handle military prisoners, situations in which Indian labor is exploited, travel restrictions, abuses against Indians with their grain harvests, census of Indians, giving priority to Indians in use of lands not now under cultivation, inappropriate distribution of people in settlements, Jesuits confiscation of goods to be reversed now that they have been expelled from area, instructions on visitas, reduction of Taraumares in Sierra Madre under the colegio de Guadalupe de Zacatecas, military use of Indians by generals and tenientes, and abondonement of the real Tabahueto. (O. Velez, August 1989)

Travel diary from may 12, 1791 thru may 26, 1791, Indian from Geronimo informs Borica that he was asked to pay 14 pesos for marriage service by minister and how that practice is not sanctioned; marquez proclaims a piece of land Indians in area manifest opposition, Borica delegates matter to subdelegado in order to adjudicate matter, Indians seeking money from fondo de temporalidades so they can participate in an auction of livestock belonging to Benecomo. Teniente general of San Geronimo goes to Borica to seek rights to celebrate burials, marriages, and baptisms in his Pueblo. Removes servitude of Indians in missions of Taraumara run by colegio Guadalupe de Zacatecas of having to give two days work to religious institutions. Seeks information on status of reduction in Sierra Madre; follows instructions to prepare list of prisoners in each jurisdiction, mentions information to be recorded during used, name of Pueblo, goods owned, harvest for 1791, condition of land, servitude if any, if ovenciones were paid, if there exists community property, information on synods, what peoples are allowed into pueblos; letter that discusses letter written by Rouset to Barry asking clarification of rule of not making Indians work without pay; this rule does not exempt Indians from being required to work on churches, houses for ministers, land, and community property with understanding that this work will not occupy more than two days of work a week, with respect to practice of having missionaries administer the community properties (improperly called the temporalidades) they are to distribute evenly the products derived from this property, if Indians resist practice of contributing two days work royal judges can become involved. (O. Velez, March 1989)