Captives (Of Indians)

Various informes regarding military, civil, and religious matters including position appointments, sick leave requests, Garcia conde for the position of comandante general of the Provincias Internas de Occidente; he is replacing Bonavia. Passport issued in Cadiz for Alarid, military retiree, for the entrances to military Hospital of Arispe in 1818; numbers those who left healthy, those who died, and those who remained. Communicates naming of Quiros y Millan as provisor and vicario over of first of referred positions to New Mexico report they have located Enerio de Mes who was captured by Panama Indians. Cerro Gordo in order to fill same position is presidio del Norte, vacant due to chaplain Buenavida's death at hands of submitted to his superiors quarrel some matters pending since his department does not depend on an auditor de guerra. of view about new arrangements made in their respective departments which depend directly on viceroyalty; informe of Cevallos solicits a temporary suspension of all diligencias negotiations for the reintegration of three soldiers that the submission to comandancia militar de la Nueva Vizcaya of ruling that specifies what are the functions of the

Ruiz de Larramendi requests retirement from compania presidial del San Elceario. F.105 details service record and mentions killing of Apache and freeing of captured women and Boy. 1799 expedition to Isla de Tiburones. 1810 speaks of Ruiz de Larramendi breaking leg attacking insurgents at Pasaje de Tapias. Informe by Dr. Muns confirms injury. Retirement granted. Ruiz de Larramendi requests permission to travel to Santander, Spain. Passport requested and state of Santander described. (P. Lenz, may 1990)

Letters from Arredondo to virrey reporting procedures he is taking against attacks of Indians, which military forces are available, supplies Chareti can get from French warehouse with prices, copy of information on battles against Indians, autos of testimony of two escaped hostages of Indians, testimony to help identify attacking Indians. (D. Bautista, June 1990)

Copies of many documents from Texada to comandante general with general theme of need to keep military outposts well supplied, importance of securing frontier from Indians. Detailed descriptions of several Indian attacks given to stress danger. Ff. 277 mentions theft of children as well as horses. F.284 list of companies in Coahuila with numbers of men in each. Mentions revoking some passports. Mentions supplies needed, food, weapons, horses, etc. (A. Dean, November 1989)

Correspondence between capitan Urrea and viceroy about military life in province including attacks of Apaches and Piatos in which Indians killed of soldiers civilians, and friendly Indians and theft of horses from towns and presidios. Three letters referring to expedition of Anza to Monterrey; second Hiaquis request that capitan Tueros not leave, for they consider him their protector while working in the gold mines; third, the orders by inspector general O'Conor to find suitable land to establish 2 missions in land occupied by Papagos of which Quitaquison area is recommended by Urrea. (A. Dell'acqua, December 1987)

Echeagaray's campaign journal, including list of officers with him, how many from each presidio; Opata, Pima, Apache auxiliaries. Description of travels, skirmishes, mention of tren. Discusses what to do with widows of auxiliaries killed on campaign. Baptism of one female Indian. Meets fugitives apparently from ranch found abandoned. Reference to Zuni campaign of 1747. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Letter speaks of a peace plan with Comanches, the first part a meeting of three Comanche captains with governor of Texas governor of Luisiana would like to know the particulars of this meeting and what and how much was given to the Comanches in the form of bribes or keepsakes, Ugalde wants to highlight the contradictions in this effort, mentions that they are the only remaining cannibalistic tribe, and cites information found in correspondence of governor of Texas to underline the violent nature of the Comanches and their history of being the most obstinate of the enemies of the Spanish, sees little hope in a peace plan with them, contrasts the character of the Comanches with that of the Apache Lipanes, group that most involves itself with the church, have fought against the Apache Mescaleros and thereby pleased the Spanish, Ugalde expresses concerns that peace with Comanches under very favorable terms will incite the jealousy of other tribes as well as a reexamination of their status, cites the lack of a mechanism to enforce compliance from Comanches as a drawback to proposed peace (Spanish have never entered Comanche territory to punish past hostilities for example). Feels that free transit of Comanches would be used to their benefit in further hostilities, thinks that verification of captives being held by Comanches should be part of the plan, accuses the makers of the plan of using trade provisions to enhance their own commerce and feels that a black market will be the result, questions the ability of enforcing compliance to a treaty provision that will have the Comanches establish their intertribal relations on the Basis of the ones followed by the Spanish, sees little motivation to expect the Comanches to declare themselves enemies of Apaches as treaty provides. Treaty will allow them to have their internal taxes, would like more intelligence of when Indian groups enter area near San Pedro for carneadas so Spanish can be prepared for unexpected occurrences, thinks that the alliance that would ensue between Lipanes and Mescaleros would create a force that would offset the untenable peace that will have been established with the Comanches, Ugalde mentions the progress he is making in the reduction of Mescaleros precisely because they are not Allied. In regard to provision that states that as long as Comanches are Allied with Spanish they will receive gratificaciones Ugalde argues that in the past those periods of greatest hostility with Comanches were usually preceeded by periods in which this transfer of goods was high. Mentions arms in this matter. In summing up Ugalde mentions law that forbids people to show Indians their trade and also forbids them to live in their houses with the penalty being 100 pesos or upon the discretion of virrey exile. Has questions about how to determine what faction of Comanches in the future will be committing the hostilities because of the size of the group and the varied interests that each group has. (O. Velez, October 1989)

Letter from Corbalan to Martin ordering uniforms be made for Bergara, his Chiricahua auxiliaries, Gonzales, accompanying women; specifies exact wardrobe, colors, materials. Receipts for purchase of clothing for Apaches, for transport of livestock. Letter from Garrido y Duran ordering payment of four pesos daily to Sister of captive Gonzales. Accounts of payment to laborers for gathering wood, making Adobe bricks, cleaning, etc. (A. Dean, June 1989)

Describes attack on Apache camp at Sierra del Peyote, one Spanish captive freed, prisoners taken. Grimarest offers Chiricahuas at Bacoachi four pesos for each enemy prisoner or Head they deliver. Gets immediate response. Reduccion of Neya, his band. Trouble with Apache congregation at Bacoachi still loyal to Pozo. List of friendly Apaches leaving Bacoachi with Castilla. List of Apaches from Neya's camp who conceded peace, includes women. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Letter from Concha to Ugarte y Loyola saying he has consigned friendly Indian nations to guarding less cooperative tribes to maintain peace, requests military try to leave all of them alone, keep Spanish Side of agreement. Other letters discuss meetings with various Indian leaders, violations of peace plan, means of enforcement. Detailed description of two Comanche campaigns on Sierra Blanca Apaches. Mention of seasonal habitation Yutas y Xicarillas. Mention that Apaches Gilenos on south Side of Rio Grande seem sincere in wish for peace, those on north Side have made two invasions since plan in effect. (A. Dean, March 1989)