Food Supplies (Meat)

First is Bill submitted for value, purchase price and amount of meat, lard and tallow for Californias. Second concerns cost of 100 mules, losses reported, on Paquebot Concepcion. Bucareli responds. (J. M. Johnson, June 1989)

Document characterizes Indian bands that have come down from Sierra de Tamaulipa and those that remain there as infieles, Amigos, y enemigos; indicates which groups have proposed peace or not. Vidal de Lorca offers to provide information on sites of Indian groups; informs virrey of peace proposals from Zaracuayes, Pasitas; has postponed action until comandante general (detained by Mescalero uprising in Santa Rosa) arrives. Vidal de Lorca is redistributing surplus cattle of Santa Barbara, Guemez missions to other missions and Indians. Indians under command of Benito have fled to Sierra de Tamaulipa after brawl with Santiago Indians at Croix mission. Indians suspected of killing a herder were caught, one of them asked to be baptized before being killed. Discusses Series of Indian attacks resulting in deaths of two from San Carlos. Culprits suspected as from San Christoval mission or under command of Noparan. (O. Velez, March, 1990)

Index to quadernos (numbered 1-16) concerning Indian raids in Sierra de Tamaulipa, peace proposals by village Indians, damage done by palalquelquas, Lazaga's discussion of Chichimecos, transport of Indians in chaingangs, troop increases, supply of weapons for troops, proposed peace with Lipanes, efforts at pacification in Nuevo Santander. Lasaga emphasizes need for additional settlements to counter advantage Indians have attacking existing settlements; proposes two - three new settlements of Approximately 50 people; outlines measures to be taken to make settlements economically viable, integrated with existing settlements. Mentions success of other settlements created for greater defense. Mentions legalities of ensuring equitable land tenure; certain amount of land would be set aside for livestock to remove expensive need to import meat from Veracruz. (O. Velez, February 1990)

After reading diaries of Concha and Echeagaray, Ugarte y Loyola has given thought to utility of applying pressure to Gilenos in their most remote lands in order to force them to ask for peace. Loyola is sending copy of Concha's map to virrey. Importance of religious education and conversion in peace process is discussed. Loyola sent Gonzales, with 15-20 Chiricahua Indians to serve as spies, guides and auxiliaries, to join campaign. (D. Marksz, October 1987)

Sierra Blanca, Sacramento Apaches come to El Paso to exchange work for food. Barrio, his band trade gourds, antelope, bison meat for corn and beans. Letter from Ugarte y Loyola stating orders to discourage open trade at presidios, be wary of friendly advances. In later letter (earlier on reel) he contemplates strengthening commerce away from presidio with trading post near Apache camp. Calvo acting as go between for Spanish, Apache Capitancillos. Report of good relations with Navajos, Comanches, Utes, Xicarillas. Only two thefts in north Nueva Mexico since November, by Natages. Concha has arrived at treaty with Gilenos. Draft of letter praising new peace, but outbreaks of fearing hostility now that Gilenos, their arch enemies are all allies of Spanish. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Tovar is worried about Yagonxli, his wife Tavardillo, who are in keeping at Janos. Yagonxli is ill, refuses Spanish treatment, could die. Fear that if he Dies, trauma will sever peaceful relations with tribe. Indian auxiliaries at Bacoachi deserting, upset with Spanish. Ojos Colorados (aparently son of Yagonxli) and Griguicen arrive with about 40 men. Tovar concerned that supplies low, no meat or gifts to appease Indians. Vague letters discussing aspects of peace plan. Draft from viceroy praising plan but advising caution. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Concerns autos and information regarding the establishment of Santander. Discusses distances from Santander to many other towns in Vicinity. Description of Villa and surrounding lands. says need review to determine if population, Indian groups and maiz supplies are increasing or decreasing. Contains complete list of families, Escuadra and all property in town and explains residents' obligation to remain in Santander. List of provisions given to settlers, Indians and military. Santander has hope for large population. experiencing problem with Indian raids but area prospering and developing well. Contains map of town and plans for further construction. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns autos, plans and conditions for establishment of Reynosa by Escandon. Area first populated to pacify Indians, become familiar with the land and to test feasibility of irrigation in area. Escandon provides instructions for agricultural methods until construction of well completed. Escandon conducts, with assistance of others, review of population, property, land, Esquadra and Indians. Asks for reports regarding probability of permanence of Indians in area and need for new mission. Contains list of families including marital status, name, age and property. Contains list of Esquadra with same information. States conditions for population and Esquadra and their obligations to the town. Provides information on all Indian nations, whether armed or not, name of capitan, where raised, if baptised and likelihood of remaining peacefully in area. Mentions food supplies and basic sustenance. Contains list of property in town including horses, cattle and mules. Includes detailed description of land and digging of well. Mentions which lands need irrigation, which are fertile. Indians working for Spanish are given clothing and dry-goods. Includes city plan with provisions for church and convent and drawing of rivers around location. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Letters from Gorraez to Bucareli about royal cedulas. Concerns Nuevo Santander; list of administrative expenses; mines established in Taumaulipa Nueva. Concerns town establishment of Burgos, Reinosa and Escandon with detailed information of these towns (presidio, spiritual administration). Lists numbers of Indians, natural christians, new conversion, teams of horses, mules, land and water, reduction of Indians, protection of Indians, mission finances, restriction and pacification of Indians. Concerns supplying meat to troops. Detailed information on town establishment. (J. Acheson, February 1988)

Diaz de Luna conducting 74 Apaches from Chihuahua to Mexico City. Three Mimbrenos come to See if any of their band are among prisoners, are told there is only one, he a Christian. (later it seems there are many Mimbrenos in chaingang.) Documents concerning Luna's pay, finances of transport. Cordero threatens Tusseguslan with promise to conquer Mimbrenos, mentions ambush of Squielnocten, Mantas Negras. Some description of interaction with Tusseguslan, Yagonjli; Tusseguslan described as capable, astute, aggressive. F.445 concerns methods of indoctrinating, baptizing Indians. Mentions need for blankets for prisoners, who are without clothes, winter approaching. Cumpa, Yagonjli, Tusseguslan request release of their relatives (names and relationships listed on F.450) among prisoners. F.457-491, 499-528 are receipts for supplies (meat, grain) purchased from citizens for prisoners, followed by summary accounts of receipts, which document itinerary of trip. F.497 mentions Gilenos looking for Mimbrenos (said relatives of Cumpa, et Al). F.534 concerns ecclesiastic burial of Young Apache, Maria Josepfa. Final folios are beaurocratic documentation of transport. none of these documents alone contains much insight, taken together they provide good detail on transporting colleras (chaingangs). (A. Dean, September 1989)