Food Supplies (Wild Foods)

Account of the removal of Seris from the Isla de Tiburon and their relocation at Populo. Includes some population statistics and an account of the Island life style, especially wild food gathering. (R. Perez) (1976)

Croix defends approach to administering missions in Sonora, arguing that missions and missionaries receive sufficient funds, are not suffering as purported. Contends missionaries should not expect Indians to cultivate land because climate does not support activity, and Indians accustomed to fishing, gathering yerbas y raizes. states that while missionaries have not received everything requested, certainly have not been ignored in manner conveyed by Prestamero (See ff 63-100). Croix cites cedulas, particularly that of 8-5-73, as precedent for present decisions. Criticizes missionaries' punishing of Indians for not attending rosario, Misa y doctrina, for getting drunk, refusing to work en los Bienes de la comunidad que Se llaman temporalidades, and for leaving village sin expresa licencia de Sus padres ministros. fiscal declares Croix has satisfied Prestamero's complaints perfectamente (Oficio summarizes issue, provides some background, folios 121-123.), that law of 8-5-73 not meant to discriminate against Franciscanos, and missionaries should not enforce abovementioned rules so that Indians no imaginen Pesado el suabe yugo de cristianismo. (L. Kerr, April 1989)

Documents relating to events in transporting families from canary islands to settle in Texas, lists of materials in clothing and all kinds of tools needed. Lists of supplies of foods, salary to be paid to guide, increase of daily maintenance for every person, census of families with physical description of every individual in expedition, proposals by church to marry every girl from 12 to 18 years of age and every Boy from 24 to 12 years of age. Appointment of priest to cure families, itinerary of trip. Also, lists of expenses incurred in transportation from Veracruz to San Antonio. Maps with planned areas in which such families could settle near San Antonio without conflicting with other settlers in area drawn by marquez de Aguayo in ff. 187. A plan to scale and drawing of proposed Villa to be established in ff. 201 and orderly issuing of lands to be given to families for planting. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

After reading diaries of Concha and Echeagaray, Ugarte y Loyola has given thought to utility of applying pressure to Gilenos in their most remote lands in order to force them to ask for peace. Loyola is sending copy of Concha's map to virrey. Importance of religious education and conversion in peace process is discussed. Loyola sent Gonzales, with 15-20 Chiricahua Indians to serve as spies, guides and auxiliaries, to join campaign. (D. Marksz, October 1987)

Uranga has spoken with Barrio, Calvo, who want peace. Problems finding competent interpreter to aid negotiations. Calvo says there is good Spanish captain, who has arranged peace with Mezcaleros near Norte. Barrio's band organized to make Mescal, hunt deer while he deals with Uranga. Mention of Calvo's men tracking thieves of oxen from Robledo ranches. Emissaries of virrey sent to negotiate. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Documents concerning Ortiz Parrilla's expedition against Seris. Includes Correa's physical description of Isla del Tiburon; Ortiz Parrilla's discussion of condition of province, and military plans, indictment of Rodriguez Gallardo's plans vis-a- Vis Seris and Rodriguez Gallardo's rebuttal and countercharges. Also, testimony concerning condition of Seris after expedition. (J. H. Ochs, November 1987)

Concerns military activity in Sonora, mostly involving Altar; including; campaigns and raids by rebel Indians and Apaches; negotiations; military support for Cieneguilla; missionary instruction; detachment at Santa Ana; naming of Crespo as governor; naming of O'Conor as military commander; inspection at Altar; Anza's campaigns and mission to Terrenate; Gila Pima's victory over Apaches; Tiburones request for peace and settlement near Pitic; creation of Chihuahua city reserve by O'Conor; missionary death at Carrizal; attack at Saric; campaigns of Galvez; reflections on strategic problems; death of Sastre and Father Gil; trial of Gil's murderer; problems of Vildosola at Terrenate; effect of new regulation (1772). These documents include an interesting diary and related Padron of Indians surrendering under jubirilirci, that include much info on social organization, language, motivation for surrender, and methods used by the Spanish to negotiate with Indians. (J. Williams, September 1987)

Informes concerning spiritual and temporal life at missions in upper and Lower Pimerias; included is number of inhabitants, births, deaths, etc; means of livelihood of inhabitants, and religious state of affairs. Documents describe depredations due to inhospitable climate and Indians (i.e. Apaches), and also discuss feasibility of uniting outlying populations into larger groups to facilitate civil, religious administration. Informes written in response to order and carta de cordillera sent by viceroy, and president of colegio de Santa Cruz de Querataro, respectively. (J. H. Ochs, July, 1987)

Discourse from Lumbreras, commander of presidio of Buenavista to viceroy Bucareli y Ursua concerning atrocities committed by Piatos and Pimas Bajos in Vicinity of aforementioned presidio. Atrocities include pervasive cattle and horse rustling, murder of Indians and a Spaniard, abduction of Indian woman. Lumbreras adds that he has no spare forces to battle unrest, and requests detachment of 20 or 30 soldiers be stationed at San Jose de Pimas to suppress Piman bellicosity and guard road to Cieneguilla. He also adds that lawless behavior manifested by Indian groups is result of semi-nomadic lifestyle. Included is letter to Lumbreras, forwarded to viceroy, from missionary at Tecoripa describing events which corroborates information given by Former. In responses to autos, viceroy suggests that Lumbreras commence further reduccion of barbarous Indians, using force if necessary; letter authorizing installation of Trespalacios as lieutenant of flying company of Buenavista upon retirement of Viarraga from position. (J. H. Ochs, July 1987)

Discourse concerning appointment of Lumbreras named by Corbalan as commandandant of presidio of San Carlos de Buenavista. As new commander, Lumbreras carries out order from Corbalan to station detachment of 20 soldiers and one oficial at Guaymas; investigates murder of indio hortalero and theft of cattle at Tonichi. Also, responses to these actions from unknown authority located in Mexico City. (J. H. Ochs, July 1987)