Food

One old Apache sent by Apache leader pataneju, 2 Apaches selling Mescal associated with Apache leader el Surdo, reiterate Apache desire for peace and state el Surdo himself traveling thru Apacheria, visiting inhabitants of Sierras Hacha, Florida, Mimbres, Cobre, Blanca, and Rio del Paso del Norte arguing for end to hostilities. el Surdo however can't assure truce between Spaniards, yndios chiricahuo (Chiricahua Apaches), because Chiricahuas Surdo's enemigos declarados. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Account of money spent on Janos fabrica material, including type/prices of foodstuffs fed to workers (maiz, haba beans, salt, wheat, Chile, etc.) (T. Sheridan) (1977)

First letter (7/14/1741) a lengthy diatribe concerning Yaqui revolt, including- 1) perfidy/imprisonment of 2 Yaqui leaders of rebellion, Muni and Bernabe, from Rahum, Huirivis, at Buenavista presidio; use of Peyote by Yaqui hechiceros; severe criticism of Huidobro; execution of Muni, Bernabe at Buenavista June 23, 1741; rebellion led by Juan Calixto Ayamea, also from Rahum; peace prevailing presently at Garcia's own Pueblo of Torim. Eloquent presentation of Spanish view of rebellion. Second letter (4/30/1742) describes campaign of teniente Canas, 12 soldiers against rebel group of Mayos, Yaquis and Pimas led by Siboli in which Canas, another soldier died; ultimate destruction of Siboli's band, more criticism of Huidobro for his arbitrary dispensation of justice; praises sizeable number of Yaquis who remained faithful to Spaniards, blames Huidobro for rise of los Munis, los Bernabes, los Calixtos. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Urdinola describes expedition against xixime Indians, who were raiding Spanish settlements, pacified acaxee pueblos in area around Durango. Expedition began in October after rains and was composed of 150 vecinos and soldiers from San Hipolito, San Andres, Chiametla presidios, 1100 Indian auxiliaries, and 2 Jesuits, who remained with pacified Xiximes. Expedition cost more than 80,000 pesos, so to save money, Urdinola disbanded presidio San Andres, composed of capitan 6 soldiers at cost of 3300 pesos/year. Presence of silver veins noted. Urdinola also includes his relacion de la tierra de los Xiximes y de los Yndios ritos y cerimonias que usan, a brief ethnography noting architecture, population (1720), agriculture (maize, beans, squash, batatas o camo- (perhaps camote), cotton), wild food gathering (mescal, Tuna rica) Capote, goyava, textile arts, dress, agriculture (gallinas de Castilla, muchos Pajaros que llamamos goacamayas), and ceremonies, including ritual cannibalism and ceremony involving a virgin placed in a cave while men go to war. Excellent document. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Adultery involving, Maria Soledad Chaves and her son-in-law. Case sent to governor for resolution. (Robert H. Jackson) (1980)

This is a long informe written by fr. Francisco Iturralde to the guardian, dealing with personal matters in which fr. Iturralde defends himself against formal accusations brought against him. He suspects as the dununciantes either fr. Florenzio Ibanez or fr. Narcisco Gutierrez. He recounts the whole story of the happenings in the missions some of which is sordid. This is an original document written at the mission de Santa Theresa and bears the autograph of fr. Francisco Iturralde. (microfilm catalog)

Account of explorations near the Colorado River. Describes vegetation (esp. Trees, cacti). Discusses the feasability of agriculture and livestock in various locales. Some Indian population figures. Some ethnographic information- gathered foods; seasonal habitation; fenced in dancing area; squash preserved by drying; a reference to bow and arrow Indians. Also contains account of an attack on the troops near the mouth of the Colorado. (R. Perez) (1977)

Population breakdown into civil, and age classes. Also breakdown of livestock and crops. Includes 46 Alta Tarahumara towns of the nw section of Tarahumara country. (T. N.) (1975)

In letter of 10/21/1723, capitan Flores describes Apache raid on San Antonio horseherd and his successful pursuit of raiders onto the plains, in which 34 Indians killed, many horses recovered. Notes goods possessed by Apaches. Asks Apache prisoner why the Indians attacked his horseherd and Apache replies that they trade (tienen Cambalaches) horses with Spaniards to north. Prisoner also states that raiding party composed of 5 capitanes with 12 men each. Concerning foodstuffs carried by Apaches, prisoner says that they raise maize themselves, get beans from Spaniards. Flores decides to sue for peace, so he sends prisoner (woman) back to her people with promise that 19 Apache prisoners at San Antonio will be freed if peace prevails. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Review of colonization, missionization of Provincia de Texas from time of Alonso de Leon to 1716. Texas, Caodaches Indians described as mas politica in province, sowing many crops. Population of area estimated to be un million. Indian groups between Coahuila and the land of Texas Indians listed (See 201). Texas Indians belief in afterlife briefly described. Missionaries claimes that early soldiers set bad example for Texas Indians, mistreating them and stealing their women. Franciscan missionary efforts delineated. Texas disatisfaction with Spaniards, abandonment of missions in 1693 noted. French trade with Indians mentioned. Texas Indians had 11 pueblos, chocta (choctaw) Indians outside of Movila had 32, Nache Indians had 11. Flora, fauna, agriculture of eastern Texas described, where Indians caultibando la tierra con las quixadas de los benados. Indians live in wooden houses, sleep on raised beds and farm en Comun. Indian enemies of Texas- Apaches, Yojuanes, Cubipanes, Canas- noted. Absence of pulgue, otras bebidas, but presnece of Peyote among Texas Indians mentioned. Province continually described as very fertile. Indian use of wild fruits, walnuts, acorns noted. Lead mines near Texas Indians mentioned. Force of 60 soldiers needed for conquest, colonization of Texas, to be gathered from other presidios of Nueva Vizcaya. Apparently, fiscal doesn't think much of idea. Excellent summary of early Texas history, including Leon, Ramon entradas. (T. Sheridan) (1977)