Indians (Drunkenness)

Discusses missionization Chinipas by fr. Juan Castini, 1621, desire Guazapares for missionaries as well. Notes successful attempts Castini to secure peace between the two groups, previously enemies. Estimates 21,000 baptisms Rio Mayo, 30,000 Rio Yaqui, 9000 Rio Nebome. Describes Mayos as must docile Indians Sinaloa. Notes recent missionization Conicaris. Gives geographical location, population figures Hios (Warihios)- 17 pueblos, 9 with 500-600 inhabitants, the rest with 200. Notes Huvagures, Teguisos beyond Hios. States Baciroas, Tehatas reduced to Conicari Pueblo, Tepague. Notes Topichis requests for missionization. 11 Yaqui pueblos then, Torim the largest. says Yaquis engaged in continuous wars with neighbors, civil wars, robberies, murders among themselves. Mentions Yaqui resistance to baptism, drunkenness, superstition, polygamy, practice of marrying Mother, daughter, sisters, transhumance. Describes conference of Yaqui sorcerers (hechiceros) in Torim who attempted to disprove missionaries, teachings, saying after death, souls went underground, not to heaven, where they practiced all types of vices and have a very happy life. Apparently, missionary converted them, however. Mentions plans for Yaqui revolt 1620, murder Hurdaide, missionaries, never carried out. Notes missionization Nebomes, who sent 11 children to Villa De Sinaloa to learn how to read/write. Requests Aibinos, Mobas, Nures for missionaries. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Full of ethnographic information- clothing; subsistence; marital practices; religious (sorcerers, sacrifices, idol called vuamari); use of intoxicants. Cites number of baptisms. Mentions epidemic. Notes war between Tepehuanes and Tarahumara. (R. Perez) (1977)

Review of colonization, missionization of Provincia de Texas from time of Alonso de Leon to 1716. Texas, Caodaches Indians described as mas politica in province, sowing many crops. Population of area estimated to be un million. Indian groups between Coahuila and the land of Texas Indians listed (See 201). Texas Indians belief in afterlife briefly described. Missionaries claimes that early soldiers set bad example for Texas Indians, mistreating them and stealing their women. Franciscan missionary efforts delineated. Texas disatisfaction with Spaniards, abandonment of missions in 1693 noted. French trade with Indians mentioned. Texas Indians had 11 pueblos, chocta (choctaw) Indians outside of Movila had 32, Nache Indians had 11. Flora, fauna, agriculture of eastern Texas described, where Indians caultibando la tierra con las quixadas de los benados. Indians live in wooden houses, sleep on raised beds and farm en Comun. Indian enemies of Texas- Apaches, Yojuanes, Cubipanes, Canas- noted. Absence of pulgue, otras bebidas, but presnece of Peyote among Texas Indians mentioned. Province continually described as very fertile. Indian use of wild fruits, walnuts, acorns noted. Lead mines near Texas Indians mentioned. Force of 60 soldiers needed for conquest, colonization of Texas, to be gathered from other presidios of Nueva Vizcaya. Apparently, fiscal doesn't think much of idea. Excellent summary of early Texas history, including Leon, Ramon entradas. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Brief account of Indians of provincia of Texas, of whom the Spanish have encountered 50 naciones, noting- their dress; receptiveness to Spanish language/religion; presence of valuable minerals among them; absence of ydolatria formal although hechiceros, curanderos present; hunting activities especially buffalo; production of tanned deer hides which they trade to Spaniards; absence of drunkenness among them, which Olivares notes may be due to fact that no hay Magueyes en abundancia, o porque ygnoran el modo de cultivarlos (pg.119); dances to celebrate ware victories, which often cause trouble among them; ceremonial use of Peyote que usan Por bebida del Peiotte y de otras yerbas que suelen causas turbacion en los sentidos de que procede el vervisiones, y fantasmas (pg. 119). (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Fray Bazo warns of impeding uprising among Indians at junta de los Rios missions, noting sus desordenes, Mas de lo Comun, assi en bailes embriagueses de Peiote, Tlatoles, y otras acciones, (note indication of Indian drug use), and asks that presidio be established there. Gobernador Caravajal conducts investigation of rumor, told by Indian gobernadores of Julimes, Tapacolmes pueblos that junta de los Rios Indians were quietos, that many were muy ladinos, and that these Indians frequently migrated south to work in Chihuahua mines, haciendas. Indian gobernadores of junta de los Rios missions meet with Carvajal, state that rumor is false and declare their loyalty to the crown. Carvajal, concludes that although junta de los Rios Indians are at peace, nevertheless a presidio in the area would be of grandissima utilidad to contain hostile Indian raids. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Gobernador Quigue and Indian naturales of Curcurpe bring suit against Francisco Montes, alias "el Pintor," a Pima Indian who married a Cucurpe woman, annexed much land around a small plot she owned north of Pueblo, and managed to win control of Cucurpe's source of irrigation water. El Pintor accused of: 1) embargoing water, thereby causing many fields in Cucurpe to fail; 2) engaging in the malas costumbres de sacar vino (bacanora?), getting many Indians drunk; 3) assaulting padre Luis Velarde, causing el Pintor to be fugitive in Pimeria Alta before he came to Cucurpe. When asked by a priest to stop making vino, el Pintor replied that "cuando todos lo dexaran lo dexaria el." Much information on land tenure, title registration, etc. Reference to estancia del padre quino 4 leagues upriver from Cucurpe. Includes testimony of many Cucurpe, Tuape residents, including mulatto, mestizo, Spaniards and Indians. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Indian governor of San Gregorio and Sigupa brings charges against justicia of region, Bartolome Redondo, for whipping 2 Indian Alcaldes of the above pueblos without adequate justification. Redondo responds such punishment necessary to stamp out Indian drunkenness, concubinage. Jurisdictional question of authority broached as well. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Orders stating schedule for fiesta de Toros and prohibition of selling wine to Indians. (T. Barnes) (1976)

Concerns mission affairs, including- professiones de 4 votos of various missionaries; scandal involving a woman from Tubares seeking a divorce; drunken coyotas in Yaqui pueblos; sale of various mission goods for pearls; debts of Onavas mission totaling 7000-8000 pesos. (T. Sheridan) (1978)

Account by missionary of several Indian men getting drunk on wine and causing problems. (D. Deeds) (1977)