Indians (Negotiations)

Series of documents dealing with gubernatorial correspondence against Indians, prisoners are taken, 32 casualties are inflicted on Indian forces including women and children; Capitancillo antel turned himself in after his Father capitancillo Chiquito was devoured by a bear; military campaign is launched against Indians who had stolen horses, actions left several soldiers killed by Indians in a prolonged battle; Lipanes surrendered and went to live at the presidios after they were offered good treatment; report is given that Indians are engaged in a controversy among themselves, situation that would favor an alliance with Spaniards; statistical chart showing number of Indians who are in peace with Spaniards, chart includes men, women and children in rancherias which are named with the name of the Indian leader. Charts showing number of horses in rancherias. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Series of documents regarding Indian robberies in presidio of Tucson and other presidios and towns of the provincias del norte; letters reporting on the recovery of animals stolen by Indians, confrontation between Indians and soldiers left a number of casualties on both sides; raids against Indians in rancherias of Bigotes, Cuernoverde and Bermejo; letter giving some details such as Indians of Nueva Mexico are behaving. Negotiations with Indians held in order to convince them to work in Spanish communities and presidios; letter discribing the natural distrust of Indians when they are offered work with Spaniards; raid against Indians results in some being killed and others taken prisoners; statistical chart summarizing actions against Indians in provincias del Norte. Chart contains figures on Indians and soldiers killed, prisoners and animals recaptured from the Indians. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Repetitive documents, little information; describes troop movements, campaign to eradicate Indians that have been attacking near Mobanito. F.544 Gutierrez negotiates peace with Lipanes (dealing with Natage) at San Fernando. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Vague letters generally describing interaction with Apaches. F.523 Aga comes to San Fernando to negotiate peace. F.524 description of physical, moral characteristics of Apaches as ultimate warriors. Locations of some bands of Mescaleros given (near Parras, Saltillo). (A. Dean, October 1989)

Many vague, vaguely related documents concerning political affairs, dealings with Indians. F.481 mentions union of Lipanes with Yutas. F.487 death of Castro's Young son from exposure during trip to Santa Rosa. F.490 Elquezabal grants permission for Aga'a camp to trade with Spanish for corn, pumpkins, other comestibles. F.494 Comanches (through interpreter Chabes) return to Fernandez some livestock stolen from Cortes. F.495 Comanche baptized shortly before dying of illness. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters from Borica concerning plans to reduce Apaches at San Antonio Bexar or Espiritu Santo. Mention Apaches already pacified around Janos, Carrizal, San Elzeario. Discusses adjustments needed for negotiations since Mescalero Capitancillos murdered two Lipanes of Pino Blanco's family; mentions exchange of gifts between Capitancillos, Spaniards. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Series of letters to, from Ramon de Castro concerning administrative matters of Lipanes' surrender, celebration of peace (now to be called truce). Mentions negotiations with Aga. F.458 mentions Mescalero auxiliaries. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Four letters discussing same topic of Lipan pacification. Borica suggests sending reinforcements to Norte against invasion Lipanes are planning, according to info from Mescalero Capitancillos, who ask defense of their camps if necessary. He suggests using Opatas, other Sonoran troops to conquer Quegocac's camp, only one still hostile. Mescalero Capitancillos give proof of their friendship with Spaniards by Murdering two Lipan families of Pino-blanco's camp that had come to deal peace agreements; Spanish plan to retract their support in light of such barbarous action. Lipanes are divided, some wanting to stay at war, some wishing reconciliation. Mention of method suggested by Diaz for conquering Lipanes preferring war. F.441 is considerably bright. F.445 begins to speak of christianizing Apaches. Mentions need to obstruct trade between Lipanes and Indians further north. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters between viceroy, comandante generals discussing peace negotiations with Lipanes. F.400 describes location of camps of Apache Capitancillos, some of whom have gone to rejoin their bands; mentions none are on horseback. F.401 mentions treaties with various Apache bands of Nueva Vizcaya, suggests those now seeking peace are false, should be considered a disease and exterminated . . . Subsist on war, only pretending to wish peace. detail on Spanish idea of Lipan character. F.416 mentions severe rains of October, 1792 making travel miserable. F.418-421 discusses part of real reglamiento de presidios (apparently) stating that opposition to treaties with Indians is diametrically opposed to spirit of peace Spanish are trying to convey. F.424 discusses heirarchy of bands of Apaches, good detail. F.426 mentions Mescaleras curing bison meat. F.427 discusses broad union of Mescaleros, Lipanos, llaneros seemingly for hunting together; mentions murder of Lipanes by Spanish civilians, what to do with captives. (A. Dean, October 1989)

F.370-376 mention Jacinto, Bautista accompanying Pueyes to San Antonio Bejar to testify concerning murder of Zapato Sax by Nacagyi. Testimony by several other soldiers, Indians. F.377 mentions order to find soldiers who understand Lipan language. (A. Dean, October 1989)