Indians (Physical Characteristics)

Discusses Indians with pelo cortado and band of Comanches accompanied by Manchaca. The Indians with pelo cortado are of interest because the characteristic is common of the friendly northern tribes. (D. Coates) (1980)

King notes Leon's expedition to Bahia de Espiritu Santo in search of French, and his reports of numerous gentile Indians in area, especially Texas Indians, who could easily be converted. Texas Indians described as algo politicos y de usso Mas racional y tratable que los demas. instructs bishop to establish 5 or 6 missions in area to convert Indians, secure area against French. States that 6 missionaries accompanied Leon on his second entrada. King not too impressed with Franciscan missionary efforts in Coaguila. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

(R. Jackson) (1980)

Mentions Island Rio Yaqui 2 leagues from mouth where largest concentration Yaquis have their fields, describes Yaqui flood plain agriculture (maize, beans, squash), including 2 planting seasons. States cotton, Mescal (agave), otras semillejas not cultivated, but apparently Tuna (opuntia) was. Notes Lower pueblos' exploitation sea resources, especially fish. Mentions continuous warfare with Nebomes, Mayos. says Yaquis, surrounded by enemies, unable to leave territory, desire friendship with Nebomes especially, because Yaquis wish to trade with Guaymas (Seri group), parientes de los Nebomes. for shells, beads. Notes scattered Rancheria style settlement pattern from Tesano to sea (14 leagues). Houses of petate, located near fields. Describes aid Yaqui leaders in missionization process. Stresses isolated, beleaguered nature Yaqui society, desire for security from enemies. Notes that although Yaqui leaders don't possess power over others, their example respected, followed. Describes friendly reception missionaries. 1600 children baptized. Adults feared baptism because of epidemic (cocoliztli), which they equated with Sacrament. says Yaquis beginning to build Adobe homes. Also states Yaquis chose 12 sites for reduction 16,000 inhabitants to permanent settlements, 2 of which uncomfortable and will be reduced finally to 10. Nuris noted as friends of Yaquis, desirous of reduction as well to area with better land. Discusses desire other mountain groups for missionaries. Notes attempts to end indecent dances, drinking bouts, with fiestas de dios. Mentions Indians' preference for beef over wild game. says Yaquis now cutting hair shoulder length instead of wearing it long, customary among warriors. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Soldier from Rio Grande del Norte presidio tells of murder of Antonio Gonzalez (Correo) by Indians 14 leagues from San Antonio, detachment led by capitan Flores fails to catch up with Indians, but military officials skeptical murder perpetrated by Apaches, despite Apache-type arrows. Apaches use saddles while murderers of Correo, according to soldier, rode bareback (montado en pelo). Furthermore, soldier frightened them away merely by showing his arcabus, such timidity also uncharacteristic of Apaches. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Alonso de Leon's account of his entrada into provincia of Texas and his encounters with Texas Indians, who received him well. Briefly describes Texas agriculture and other aspects of culture, including wooden houses, raised beds, and cleanliness of Indians. Encounters Indians in league with French who attenpt to induce him to trade all his horses, clothing to them. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

A day by day account of Anza's trek from Tubac to San Gabriel from 9 February 1774 to 25 may 1774. The route, geography, and inhabitants are described. (G. Miller) (1977)

A diary of an exploratory expedition from Santa Maria to Monterrey by land. none of the numerous Indians encountered along the way are identified, but are nevertheless described. (G. Miller) (1977)

A description of the indigenous peoples in and around the area from the Gila River on the north to the Yaqui River on the south with some recommendations on how to defeat the Apaches and the Seris of that area. (G. Miller) (1977)

A description of the persons (especially according to racial stock), land holdings, agriculture, and wealth of El Paso del Rio del Norte - some information on tribes, but description of crops is most detailed. (C. Briggs) (1975)