Indians (Intertribal Relations)

Mostly general reports of plans to deal with Indian attacks, often using friendly Indian auxiliaries; mention of missionaries involved in organizing defense efforts; more specific passages listed below. F.88-89 mentions need to melt down tin, lead from five presidios (no names) to cast bullets; mentions Spanish civilians left in presidio guarded by 20 Indian soldiers (vague). F.90 describes in detail carnage left by Indian attack in Barranca. F.91 mentions finding mutilated body of Luna. F.99 reports apprehension, questioning of five Naiarites, one of whom is Don Pedro, gobernador of Santissima Trinidad; goes on to describe round-up of Naiarites in Ocotan for protection, recruiting soldiers. (A. Dean, January 1990)

F.60 mentions Indian bow & arrow soldiers under command of Ybarra. Ff.60-61 describe non-violent encounters between groups of soldiers, armed Indians. F.62 Lubieriaga writes grovelling letter to comandante general asking why he is out of favor. Ff.63-64 Flores writes of threat of Indian attack on Jesus Maria; insufficient people, equipment for defense. F.65 Luberiaga suggests moving Jesus Maria to better site before all are killed. F.66 request for ammo; mentions gobernador Julian declaring that revolt at Tacualoya is put down. F.67 mentions an interpreter (no name) of Cora Alias Naiarit, tecualme, Mexicano, Castellano. Ff.67-87 are general, repetitive reports from missionaries, capitanes describing defense of towns in Nayarit; military assistance, escort of settlers. (A. Dean, January 1990)

F.9 vague, nearly illegible letter from Carillos concerning difficulty of maintaining order in Santa Rosa. Ff.10-17 are reports on threat of Tobozos in Nayarit; mentions friendly Indians serving as bow and arrow soldiers. Mentions Alcaldes appointed to various towns for protection. Discusses general tactics for defense. F.12 mentions that Tobozos are Borrados -- pock-marked. (A. Dean, January 1990)

Copies of letters describing arrival at Balero of Luis, a Tarahumara armed with bow and arrow, who said he had served as soldier in transporting chaingang of Tovozos to Mexico City; now forming Posse with civilians, officers to look for fugitives. Other letters mention supply of livestock to Collera (chaingang), Indian raids on Chimaltitan. (A. Dean, January 1990)

Letter to viceroy requesting licence to visit court and explain issues about mission protection and ways of bringing Christian religion to Apaches as fray Guadalupe feels moment to christianize Apaches is at hand as they are being attacked by Comanches. Fray Guadalupe feels that after Apaches are reduced by means of religion the Comanches would also accept doctrine which would pave way to explore northern territories. Marquez de Altamira advises viceroy about difficulty to do so as there are not enough soldiers in presidios to escort missionaries in this mission. Viceroy follows advise of Altamira. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

Correspondence between fray Fernandez and viceroy in which a detailed description of northern group of people who are excellent, disciplined and brave warriors are advancing toward Texas who make Apaches fear for their lives, fray Fernandez describes these people awe stressing the point that now is time to finish converting Apaches to christianism and then turn toward these people to convert them and bring them under crown, these people are called Comanches. Fray Fernandez compares Comanches with syrians. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

All Seris except Chepillo and family flee Pitic on July 15, 1790. Chepillo imprisoned. Detachment sent to Cerro Prieto to find and reconcile ingrates, begin new reduccion. Since Seris aren't raiding, revealing location, troop can't find them. With Seris gone, Ugarte y Loyola cuts off supplies ordered by bishop of Sonora for Seri mission. Francisco, two envoys come to Pitic to negotiate better arrangement. Seris want independent nation, to trade fish, antelope with Spaniards for grain, to participate in christianity only when they want. No deal made, but Seris start appearing for mass at Banamichi. Mora named missionary there. Seris slowly trickle back to Pitic. Occasional brief references to plan for staging campaign against frontier Apaches. 450 men, including Opatas, Pimas reserved for fighting. (A. Dean, may 1989)

Echeagaray's campaign journal, including list of officers with him, how many from each presidio; Opata, Pima, Apache auxiliaries. Description of travels, skirmishes, mention of tren. Discusses what to do with widows of auxiliaries killed on campaign. Baptism of one female Indian. Meets fugitives apparently from ranch found abandoned. Reference to Zuni campaign of 1747. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Concerns fiscal matters of missions at Pitic, Bacoachi; religious paraphernalia, livestock being sent. Summary of affairs at Bacoachi, Apaches in reduccion, rations. Mention of campaign with Opata auxiliaries to capture Apaches, take them to Bacoachi. Lists of all Apaches in reduccion there. Brief summary of Ansa's campaign, number of Apaches, Tarahumares captured, killed. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Begins with indices added in 1885, 1792. Journal of ehceagaray's campaign with 17 Apache, Opata auxiliaries from Bacoachi; lists total Apaches killed, captured. Speaks of usefulness of loyal spies. Need to reward well Apache auxiliaries who must fight against their relatives. Suggests giving annual wage, rank of Alferez. Promotions to be given to Ugarte, Tapia, Grijalva. Letters trying to clear wages for promotions with treasury. Intendente of Sonora has bought meat for rations for Apaches in reduccion, mention of other foods, treasury upset at cost. (A. Dean, April 1989)