Corn

Details of Principal concerns and needs for California establishments. Detailed information on climate, agricultural conditions, pasturing livestock, geographical measurements and features of terrain, arable lands, irrigation, social and safety measures for settlers/recruits, food and other supplies for population, horses and mules. Other documents list family relationships and Vital statistics of colonists requesting land tenure rights, lists of types and numbers of cargo animals for missions, planned distribution of & place purchased of these & smaller domestic food/clothing animals. Description of geography, Flora and potential for irrigation of rivers in region. Founding and contruction of presidio San Joseph (Guadalupe). (J. M. Johnson, January 1989)

Denunciations to intendente, relayed to viceregal officials. Miners overworked, poor drainage in mines and stealing from poor. Meson de Teotihuacan similar complaints and neglect of payment of Arancel customs tariffs. Atotonilco*)

Copy of reserved instructions that Neve governor of Californias government should be to conserve peace in peninsula --treating of areas of Indians not yet made docile, including punishment of Gentiles for killing livestock in San Francisco to communicate all mission orders to Junipero or Hidalgo; other encouragement to avoid strife. Document also includes letter from Galvez regarding governor's salary. (J. Hiller, January 1989)

Series of letters from Escandon to virrey concerning state of and sugar Cane; discussion of precautions against attack by English along Costa del Seno Mexicano; ongoing efforts at evangelization and reduction of of Indians in area; protection of mining operations in Sierra Tamaulipa against Indian attack; Series of undetailed accounts of raids by Tanambres against town in Sierra Tamaulipa. Also includes letter from fray Chacon complaining that missions in Nuevo Santander do not have Indians and blames situation on lack of sufficient military pressure against rebel tribes. (A. Tukey, July 1989)

Series of correspondence to Gobernador Escandon: tables of numbers of troops stationed at towns and missions of Nuevo Santander; notes ship carrying aguardiente run aground near port of Tampico; notes trip of virrey to Coautitlan; death of Amarillas and appointment of Caxigal de la Vega as new virrey; undetailed accounts of attacks by Xanambres and Taumaves against towns in Sierra Tamaulipas and internment of prisoners from these raids at Queretaro; undetailed accounts of celebrations at various villas in Nuevo Santander of coronation of new Spanish king, including dances, plays, mass, bullfights, loas (?), reenactment of battles between Christians and Moors, moxigangas (?), and music. Also includes letter from Escandon to virrey concerning cattle and corn harvests, notes cases of theft from Pisones by Xanambres and general state of poor relations between these tribes, migration of Apaches into northern part of colonia, and abundance of unspecified minerals in Sierra Tamaulipas. (A. Tukey, July 1989)

Mendinueta recounts numerous Indian hostilities of 1770 over large area. Mentions that Apaches fight with guns taken from victims. Relates restlessness of vecinos; describes Spanish -vecino relation as one of hatred in peace as well as war. Reports Cumanche offer of peace but admits suspicions of sincerity of Cumanche proposal. (S. Gibbs, August 1987)

Administrative concerns: Cabildo, Tabacco. Abandonment of presidios of Adaes, Orcoquiza, and San Antonio and of missions. Concerns transport of artillery, remaining property of king, troops and 500 vecinos. Establishment of new detachment. Need to obey Oconor's instructions in the new regulations. Mission inventories received. Details of participants, including escorts and interpreter in visit to Indians. Request of corn, beans, salt for Indians. Peace successful with 3 friendly nations. Over 4,000 pesos spent on gifts for Indians. Abuses of arms given to Indians. Details of campaign against Comanches for livestock thefts. Apache thefts. Suspension of Cabildo. Freedom granted to mission Indian. Insubordination of Pacheco. Visit of Oconor and inspection by Rubio. Comments on quality and condition of troops and equipment. Concerns power and authority of presidio capitans under new regulations; capitans subordinate to comandante inspector. Request for coastal Indians for missions; apostate Indians for auxiliaries. Tancahues arrive in display of peace. Publication and distribution of vandos about collection of old currency. (L. L. Woodward, May 1988)

Letter concerning military appointments. Summary of letters death of alzazua; ineptitude of Trevino; recommendaton of Benitez, de Lazo, and Martinez for military appointments; complains about lack of gunpowder; detention of Soto Vermudez; detailed description of murders committed by Indians and their pursuit near Bejar; proposition to free two prisoners; complaint about lack of provisions and high cost of maize; French, English and German shipwrecked on coast of Bahia. Letter stating importance of watching English for they might settle in Culebra and Puerco islands. (M. Vasquez, may, 1988)

States Apaches must be punished if Sonoran settlements to survive, but notes his company can't campaign until mid November because maize isn't harvested until end October and pinol is something very necessary for the auxiliaries and troops. Corbalan mentions Yaqui troubles, agrees with necessity punishing Apaches. (T. Sheridan, 1976)

(A. Tukey, July 1988)