Mining

Series of charges against Escandon. First charge, folio 10, that Escandon did not reduce Indians peacefully and failed to populate the colony; second charge folio 60 that Escandon did not distribute the land between people, soldiers and Indians during twenty years; third charge, folio 77, that he did not take in to account the meeting of 1748 on election of captains and treatment of Indians; fourth charge, folio 88, failure to investigate the murder of several Indians; fifth charge, folio 90, failure of Escandon to investigate and punish captain Guevara's murder of a group of Indians; sixth charge, folio 90, no investigation of other murders by Unsaga; seventh charge, folio 91, Escandon orders killing of three Indians, one a minor; eighth charge, folio 93, a citizen of Aguayo complains to to Escandon about the behaviour of a captain, Escandon punishes the complainer and when the wife of the complainer goes to look for him and she was murdered by the Indians; ninth charge, folio 95, Escandon separates Indian men from their wifes and children, and sells Indians to other cities resulting in Indian retaliation and thus starting wars with Xanambres and Apostatas. He is accused of twenty years of fraud, despotism, trials without authority, misappropriation of land; 10 charge folio 98, Escandon sends 173 Indians to Querataro; eleventh charge, folio 100, Escandon kept three Indians working for him for fifteen years; twelfth charge, folio 103, Escandon abused his power to use the death penalty and forced labor in the presidio; thirteenth charge, folio 103, he used comissions to get Indians for his own service; fourteenth charge, folio 106, he failed to protect Indian health; fifteenth charge, folio 107, he used Indians to build his house and maintain his lands; sixteenth charge, folio 108, he failed to investigate or punish two sheperds who murdered an Indian; seventeenth charge, folio 110, Escandon populated colony with dangerous criminals getting the nickname of colonia Portugal de Nueva Espana; eighteenth charge, folio 114, Escandon forgives Indians that confess crimes and puts them in esquadras militares; nineteenth charge, folio 115, Escandon intimidated new settlers he did not like and gave instructions not to accept them; twentieth charge, folio 117, he appointed a murderer from Reinosa as captain; twenty first charge, folio 119, Escandon admitted a delinquent from Coahuila; twenty second charge, folio 121, twice Escandon destroyed the church of the Pisones Indians; twenty third charge, folio 123, has taken land from Indians of Santa Rosa; twenty fourth charge, folio 125, Escandon did not build a church in Laredo for the spiritual benefit of the Spaniards and Indians; twenty fifth charge, folio 128, for a period of 14 years Escandon remained minister of Santillana village; twenty sixth charge, folio 129, Escandon did not permit the redistribution of Diezmos from labranzas y crianzas in the colony for 20 years; twenty seventh charge, folio 131, Escandon renamed places; twenty eighth charge, folio 135, Escandon became rich and did not pay diezmos; twenty ninth charge, folio 138, Escandon gave a captain more than five Leguas at border of Rio Grande, other land and did not pay any diezmo to church of Guadalaxara; thirtieth charge, folio 141, Escandon was paying salaries to ministers in places that had no ministers; thirty first charge, folio 141, Escandon did not accept Indians in his village because he did not want to give them protection; thirty second charge, folio 144, he gave instructions to captain of Laredo not to admit Apaches; thirty third charge, folio 147, Escandon did not give 100 pesos to the colonists of San Carlos; thirty fourth charge, folio 148, Escandon refused to receive the bishop from Guadalaxara; thirty fifth charge, folio 151, he became a trader, knowing gobernadores were prohibited from trade; thirty sixth, charge, folio 158, Escandon permit exploitation of mines and use of silver without paying tax; thirty seventh charge, folio 160, since the year 1746 he had not reduced or pacified any Indians; last charge folio 162, complaints from capitania general related to Escandon's procedures. The next group of folios (166-319) are the defense of Escandon. (D. Bautista, nov, 1989)

Series of autos concerning sworn declarations from government officials on the reorganization of presidios in Nueva Vizcaya and San Bartolome Valley. Purpose of the reorganization is to provide protection to mines' workers and people in neighboring presidios. Geographic relative location of presidios with respect to each other is given. (M. Marroquin, February 1989)

Concerns visitas and Inspections of presidios; invalids and retired people are encouraged to settle in San Antonio de Bexar; geographic location of presidio del sacramento is given; reorganization of presidios as a result of construction of new one is discussed; conditions for the construction of new are given in a government decree; location for the construction of presidio is said to have abundant food for horses and people also the discovery of minerals is mentioned; new location for presidio is discussed; conflicting reports on the resources of previous and new site for presidio is presented in document, officials reporting Argue a better defense for provinces in the new place. Salaries for military personnel are settled. Indians in Nueva Vizcaya are said to represent a problem for the exploitation of natural resources. (M. Marroquin, January 1989)

Dictamen concerning mining regulations in Sinaloa issued by marques de Altamira. Numerous citations of regulations of recopilacion de las Leyes de las indias. (J. H. Ochs, oct.1987)

Informes from governador de Sinaloa and Sonora concerning gold and silver mining, establishment of postal service, operations of military. (J. Acheson, October 1988)

Various letters written to and from Salcede around 1804. Indian prisoners to Havana, detailed list of losses in San Juan Bautista de Horcasitas from flood. (J. Acheson, September 1988)

Letters from Gorraez to Bucareli about royal cedulas. Concerns Nuevo Santander; list of administrative expenses; mines established in Taumaulipa Nueva. Concerns town establishment of Burgos, Reinosa and Escandon with detailed information of these towns (presidio, spiritual administration). Lists numbers of Indians, natural christians, new conversion, teams of horses, mules, land and water, reduction of Indians, protection of Indians, mission finances, restriction and pacification of Indians. Concerns supplying meat to troops. Detailed information on town establishment. (J. Acheson, February 1988)

Concerns pacification of Chichimeca Indians on frontier of Nuevo Leon; works of missions and silver mining in Nuevo Leon. (J. Acheson, February 1988)

In 26 sections Bucareli informs and makes recommendations to Dominicans. Review visitador Galvez recommendations on fiscal and administrative matters from 1769 and Nuevo real reglamento de presidios of 1773. Relations between gobernador and comandantes of presidios. Reduccion and education of Indians by colegio fernandino missionaries. Need for better communication and coordination of responsibilities between authorities in Loreto and Monterrey. References to Leyes de indias on prohibiting use of Spanish ports by foreigners. Minerals and status of production of mines. Conflicts between Barri and ministros reales. (J. M. Johnson, may 1988)