Agriculture

Informe concerning 16 missions Nueva Vizcaya administered by colejo de nra. Sra. de Guadalupe de Zacatecas including Tomochi, Tutuaca, Moris, Batopilillas, Santa Anna, Chinipas, Guazapares, serocahui, hueguachic, Nabogame, Concepcion de Tubares, San Miguel de Tubares, Baburigame, Tonachi, Norogachi, baquiachi, encompassing 52 pueblos, 13,363 Pimas Altos, Tarahumares Altos, y bassos, Tubares, y Mexicanos. Also Tepehuanes. Geographical location, settlements, population, ethnic composition each mission given. Inhabitants Loreto Pueblo, mission Santa Anna, described as Tarahumaras Bajos who speak language called guarigia (warihio), el idioma entre Tarahumara y Yaqui. Inhabitants Tohallama Pueblo, mission buburigame, nacron Mexicana. States some Indians speak Spanish, but most understand/speak only native tongues, so missionaries instructed in Indian languages. Children instructed in Spanish in morning, in own language afternoon. Impossible to establish schools however because people leave settlements so often. Discusses inadequacy missionary stipend, need for Indians to raise food for priests (maize, wheat, beans, Chile). Because of nature terrain/climate, difficult to raise cattle, only serocahui mission has large herd. Describes amount crops raised communally at each mission. Notes cultivation sugar Cane various missions, especially Baburigame. says law against Indians leaving pueblos without permission, but not enforced. Notes Indians' fondness alcoholic beverage made from corn. Brief description land tenure. Notes population increase. Chart containing population breakdown (sex, age, ethnic) included. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Copy of report on the Indian population, administration, products, climate and socio economic condition of 16 missions and their visitas. Most are in Chihuahua and are Tarahumara. Contains tables, descriptive texts, general report, and a summary list. (T.n.) (1975)

Daily diary of the March. Indians, rivers, presidios, water, pasturage, Weather. Ethno-historic, info is general and sketchy. (T.n.) (1975)

Serra tells of his arrival at San Diego, the causes of delay in his arrival, and the land and Indians encountered on the way. Describes the subsistence practices of the coast Indians, although very briefly. (C. Briggs) (1975)

An account of the Otermin attempt to reconquer New Mexico in 1681. The state of missionary features and their replacement with aboriginal elements is given for each Pueblo encountered. Of particular interest is a report of a discussion with Pueblo leaders in which they claim that Pope was particularly strong due to his contact with devils, and that the real reason behind the revolt was the kiva burning of the sargentos majors Quintana and Lopez and fran Xavier. (C. Briggs) (1975)

Notes Hurdaide's death. Describes successful campaign against rebel Nebomes 70 soldiers, 2000 Indian auxiliaries by new general. Mentions desire various Opata, Pima Bajo groups for missionaries. Discusses missionization Chinipas. Describes Pan- tribal festival held on Rio Mayo. Notes missionaries' successful attempt to remove customary restrictions concerning who could participate huge communal fishing expedition. Notes reduction Vayemas (Guaymas-Seri group) to Pueblo Rio Yaqui. says good harvests this year. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Mentions Island Rio Yaqui 2 leagues from mouth where largest concentration Yaquis have their fields, describes Yaqui flood plain agriculture (maize, beans, squash), including 2 planting seasons. States cotton, Mescal (agave), otras semillejas not cultivated, but apparently Tuna (opuntia) was. Notes Lower pueblos' exploitation sea resources, especially fish. Mentions continuous warfare with Nebomes, Mayos. says Yaquis, surrounded by enemies, unable to leave territory, desire friendship with Nebomes especially, because Yaquis wish to trade with Guaymas (Seri group), parientes de los Nebomes. for shells, beads. Notes scattered Rancheria style settlement pattern from Tesano to sea (14 leagues). Houses of petate, located near fields. Describes aid Yaqui leaders in missionization process. Stresses isolated, beleaguered nature Yaqui society, desire for security from enemies. Notes that although Yaqui leaders don't possess power over others, their example respected, followed. Describes friendly reception missionaries. 1600 children baptized. Adults feared baptism because of epidemic (cocoliztli), which they equated with Sacrament. says Yaquis beginning to build Adobe homes. Also states Yaquis chose 12 sites for reduction 16,000 inhabitants to permanent settlements, 2 of which uncomfortable and will be reduced finally to 10. Nuris noted as friends of Yaquis, desirous of reduction as well to area with better land. Discusses desire other mountain groups for missionaries. Notes attempts to end indecent dances, drinking bouts, with fiestas de dios. Mentions Indians' preference for beef over wild game. says Yaquis now cutting hair shoulder length instead of wearing it long, customary among warriors. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

The only account pertinent to the geographic area of DRSW is entitled mission and journey to the Tepehuanes. it includes a wealth of ethnographic data- clothing, food, architecture, marriage customs (pre-hispanic), religious beliefs, agriculture, and inter-tribal relations. Also information on a monolithic idol (vuamari, a pillar topped with a likeness of a human Head.) Gives number of baptisms for 1607. Discusses severe epidemic. (R. Perez) (1977)

Account of an expedition undertaken with Franciscans into the north of Nueva Viscaya. Much ethnographic information of Chichimecos (naked gatherers) and Pueblo Indians (including their architecture, agriculture, animal husbandry, population figures. (R. Perez) (1977)

Gobernador Junco y Espriella's visita concerning San Xavier. Testimony given concerning- amount of water able to be taken from Arroyo de San Xavier for irrigation, amount of land able to be cultivated. Rio San Xavier evidently dried up occasionally. Many of soldiers questioned stated they had no experience farming. (T. Sheridan) (1977)