Indians (Settlement Patterns)

Concerns the attempt at reduction of Indians that inhabit the Sierra Madre and to then be under the tutelage of Gallardo and the establishment of missions for this purpose. The reduction of the same Indians mentioned above with the aid of Carin and Rouset de Jesus into the Pueblo of Tecorichi, but after the disturbances in this Pueblo, due to the introduction of this new group, they were transported to San Carlos where they remained for a year and cultivated the land. Retired to their mountains when not given control over Tecorichic. Visit made to the Pueblo of Tecorichic where only two Indians of the group mentioned earlier remained. Spoke with them via interpretors and they agreed to try to convince the others to incorporate themselves into the town. This matter will also involve Rouset de Jesus but with the understanding that no new missions or pueblos are to be established, Indians are to incorporate themselves into existing institutions. Ochoa is the source of census information on Indians in question. Use of listel and Corral stone in enticing the Indians to cooperate at the cost of 500 or 600 pesos. Schedule listing missions and number of Indians baptized there as well as decision that best way to enact the reductions and the conversions would be to send priest into the rancherias and not through the use of force. The money that will be needed to enact the reductions and the conversions have been approved in a plan with specifications provided by Nava. Approval of some involved by resolution of the junta Superior of the real hacienda signed by the fiscales involved. Nava's acknowledgement of orders to proceed with the above plans. (O. Velez, February 1990)

Series of documents dealing with cedulas Reales, enacted to protect Indians Chichimecas and Tlaxcaltecos from the region of Zacatecas and chichilguites. Indians could not be obliged to do anything without consent of the captain protector. (M. Marroquin, June 1989)

Very important document on instructions and rules for founding new missions, presidios and towns. Neve expresses need for equalization of salaries for same rank/position among military, religious and civil personnel. Document divided into titulos, transportation, accountability, rations; crops; horses, mules; craftsmen. II. - lists of officers at each mission, presidio; description of terrain, Indian settlements for planning defensive positions; military escorts to establishments at Santa Barbara channel; salaries of officers/soldiers at four sailers and craftsmen on blandra Pilar, lanchas Lauretana and San Juan hepomuceno. III. - clothing; canons. IV. - armour distribution, types, purposes and accountability of funds; procedures for filling vacancies; evaluations by service reports. Ix. - requires monthly status report of each company. X. - Indian treaties. Xi. -gubernatorial functions regarding (ff. 386-390). - details on selection/training of habilitados (paymasters); accountability to real hacienda, Naval/military superiors and settlers; F. 390 consists of inventory and production data of small animals, cattle, horses, mules. Xiv. Settlement and use of land; supplies; irrigation and crops; house construction; cattle; taxes; regulations re. Establishment and defense in Canal; optimum placement for defense and religious organization along frontier and Camino real. (J. M. Johnson, February 1989)

Copy of reserved instructions that Neve governor of Californias government should be to conserve peace in peninsula --treating of areas of Indians not yet made docile, including punishment of Gentiles for killing livestock in San Francisco to communicate all mission orders to Junipero or Hidalgo; other encouragement to avoid strife. Document also includes letter from Galvez regarding governor's salary. (J. Hiller, January 1989)

Mendinueta relates that prior calmness of Cumanches on frontier is gone. Relates Cumanche raids and murders. Complains of inefficiency of tracking Cumanches because of terrain and lack of water; tells of incident in which Apache guides were deceitful. Notes plains south of Colorado River unsuitable for settlement. Croix responds but has no suggestions on how to track Indian offenders. (S. Gibbs, July 1987)

Administrative correspondence which briefly discuss following from mining, papel sellado, bulas and inventory. Ff. 160-163 list war expenses and summary statement. Other documents deal with crop planting and irrigation for Seris; transportation of mules to California by the Paquebot la Concepcion; mining regulations; provisions for Seris and Sibubapas; establishment of a postal system for province; revenue from tobacco. F. 171 is Superior orders received by Corbalan from the viceroy for November - December , 1773. Ff. 181-182 are representations directed to viceroy by intendente for December , 1773 to February, 1774. Viceroy advised that Corbalan will travel to Rio Hiaqui to resolve Bucareli for March 1774. (J. M. Johnson, March 1988)

Concerns O'Conor's campaign of late 1771; notes on enemy captured and killed; livestock recovered; reflections on nature of Indian wars; specific engagements; scouting operations; troop movements; enemy responses; notes on Indian settlement characteristics (houses and crops); transfer of presidio of Guajoquilla from first to second location (before 1771); this campaign was undertaken in Nueva Vizcaya (J. Williams, June 1987)