Climate

Documents contain information resulting formal establishment of Santa Maria. Provides good geographical description of area and distances to other Villas. Escandon went to recognize families joined by olarazan. Escandon and others conduct review of well and other conditions. Contains complete list of families and members of Escuadra including names, ages and property owned. Description of relations with Indians. says San Marcos has most abundant water. Contains description of possible drilling depths and composition of each level. Review of timber, minerals and land says all plentiful. Cold climate. Commerce with Llera possible for supplies and minerals. Need mission for Indians congregated in area. Escandon officially establishes sta. Maria close to San Marcos. Provides instructions for construction of homes, provision of more cattle and seed, and for administration of property and mines. Contains city plan. Last document contains list of Villas established in Nuevo Santander including captains, missions, Indians, families, soldiers and Patron saints. (M. Dannemiller, April 1989)

Documents concern information resulting in formal establishment of Santa Barbara. Escandon and others conduct review of residents, Indians, mission, climate, crops and general advantages of area. Includes complete list of all residents and members of Escuadra including names, ages, marital status and property owned. Also, 10 families live around mission with same privileges as those in Villa. Mentions Indian groups in area. Reviewers say Santa Barbara one of most important establishments in Colonia as stop-over place and has most fertile lands and most abundant timber. Provides distances to other Villas. Discussion of moving mission to Alberca which Escandon later approves. Escandon gives instructions for construction of homes and a road to Llera. says gambling and liquor to be outlawed. Contains record of admission of one family to Villa. Provides instructions for administration of both Villa and mission. Contains map, city plan of town including surrounding rivers. (M. Dannemiller, April 1989)

Concerns reports by Escandon and others concerning conditions in Altamira and feasibility of official establishment as Villa. Contains review of mission, Fabricas, Indians, land, climate and distances from Altamira to other Villas along frontera. Contains complete lists of families, Escuadra and all property. Mentions conditions established for residents and their obligation to stay in Altamira. Mentions financial support for Villa. says peaceful relations with Indians who receive corn rations from Altamira. Cyprian says location is perfect, good land, easy transportation on rivers, abundant fish and other reasons. Recommends uniting with Panuco and Tampico to secure the coast. says temperate with few Mosquitos. Also mentions cultivation of Calabazas. Instructions by Escandon for future activity such as building of homes, treatment of Indians and church construction. Contains city plan including rivers surrounding Villa. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns autos, plans and conditions for establishment of Reynosa by Escandon. Area first populated to pacify Indians, become familiar with the land and to test feasibility of irrigation in area. Escandon provides instructions for agricultural methods until construction of well completed. Escandon conducts, with assistance of others, review of population, property, land, Esquadra and Indians. Asks for reports regarding probability of permanence of Indians in area and need for new mission. Contains list of families including marital status, name, age and property. Contains list of Esquadra with same information. States conditions for population and Esquadra and their obligations to the town. Provides information on all Indian nations, whether armed or not, name of capitan, where raised, if baptised and likelihood of remaining peacefully in area. Mentions food supplies and basic sustenance. Contains list of property in town including horses, cattle and mules. Includes detailed description of land and digging of well. Mentions which lands need irrigation, which are fertile. Indians working for Spanish are given clothing and dry-goods. Includes city plan with provisions for church and convent and drawing of rivers around location. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns all info regarding population and land pertaining to decision to formally establish Camargo. Date of establishment by Escandon. says people sent to area to pacify Indians, build azequias and plant crops. Perez suggests methods of agriculture pending construction of well. Escandon, assisted by others, performs inspection of land, climate, and Indians. Provides information on Indians congregated in area and probability of permanence at mission. Contains list of families including all names, marital status and age. Also, list of animals owned by each and Villa as whole. Describes different tribes in area, saying they are armed, some are baptised and most are peaceful. Contains list of Esquadra, their families and property. States conditions for residents and soldiers and their obligation to remain in Camargo. Description of land and availability of maiz and Trigo. Autos by others containing similar evaluations. Includes planned layout of city identifying Plaza, church, convent, distance from other Villas and surrounding rivers. Mentions use of special paper for autos. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Documents concerning Tarahumaran conspiracy to revolt and subsequent investigation carried out by Gutierrez. Many autos of fairly redundant testimony given by Indians, non-Indians regarding events leading up to apprehension of conspirators; also, yllin's petition to viceroy requesting greater military assistance to Jesuit missionaries in Sierra. Concluding documents concern fiscal's suggestions, viceroy's decision regarding issue.

Salazar's account of Garza Falcon's successful campaign against rebel Indians in Coahuila. Gives account of pursuit, battle and subsequent peace made with renegades. Following is Garza Falcon's letter to viceroy explaining terms of peace imposed on Indians. Also, viceroy's request that letter of thanks be sent to governor for a well-executed expedition. (J. H. Ochs November 1987)

Diary of Anza's second expedition to California in which Anza leads 30 soldiers and their respective families to Monterrey, and reconnoiters San Francisco bay area. Contains list of people making journey, supplies; population of Yuma Indians; descriptions of California Indians, etc. Also, observations and notes on various points on route; description and scale drawing of Casa Grande. (J. H. Ochs, October 1987).

Towns need be established to support troops in presidios in order to counter Indian hostility; areas sought with water, farmland and nearby woodland; line of frontier towns proposed for depopulated Conchos regions; 200 people of 41 families established; some irrigation undertaken, but lack of rain caused poor harvests; re-establishment at Pilar de Conchos advised for ease of reconstruction of dam and plentiful irrigable land; notice of establishment of population received; includes unrelated claim by Apache Indian (Manuel) concerning civil case; repetitive and superficial. (p. Coyle, November 1989)

Concern expressed by Moreno that housing expensive and food short as it is eaten by horses; Mendinueta recommends seed be made available at low price so soldiers do not desert; Wall of cavalry quarters in ruins, soldiers uncomfortable, horses damaged; discussion of (high) price of corn in region; price for corn gone from four to nine pesos per carga because of lack of rain; desertions continue as troops unhappy; soldier in Hospital incurring costs; haciendas asked for grain; baker stops making bread for regimento for lack of wheat; 25,000 pesos already given over from real Caxa of Durango; request that either horses be moved out to pastures away from the city, or 500 fanegas of corn be made available so corn is left for people in city; request for virrey to support Coronel in forcing Hacendados to keep prices low; testimony of Hacendados concerning their (lack of) grain; argument between Moreno and virrey concerning establishment of blame for shortages; certification that corn once selling for 4 pesos per carga now selling for 12 to 15 pesos per carga; lack of housing seen as resulting from increased number of shops; request for 12,000 to 14,000 pesos from real hacienda; Hacendado records the augmentation of 50 on his ranch because of lack of rain in other areas; bishop points out danger of leaving horses on haciendas outside city because of wild Indians; regimento is packed up for Querataro; royal decree that regimento retreat from Durango; regimento withdrawn from Durango for lack of grain; very repetitive; many copies. (p. Coyle November 1989)