Missions

Notes that although there is much intermingling of Tarahumara and Apache, it is the Former who are committing most of the depredations. He gives specific instances of these, as well as one case of Spanish retaliation on Tarahumara pueblos. Also includes strong criticism of the military. (R. Perez) (1977)

Geographic description of the province of Sinaloa, history of missionary efforts; censuses (given by River- Sinaloa, Fuerte, Mayo, Yaqui) listing missions and visitas, giving number of families and number of individuals for each. Notes that Yaqui is the Principal language of the province, but each River region has different dialects. The texts of 'oratio dominica', 'oratio angelica' and 'symbolum' appear in latin and Yaqui. (R. Perez) (1977)

An account of the Otermin attempt to reconquer New Mexico in 1681. The state of missionary features and their replacement with aboriginal elements is given for each Pueblo encountered. Of particular interest is a report of a discussion with Pueblo leaders in which they claim that Pope was particularly strong due to his contact with devils, and that the real reason behind the revolt was the kiva burning of the sargentos majors Quintana and Lopez and fran Xavier. (C. Briggs) (1975)

Full of ethnographic information on Tepehuanes and Tarahumara (eg. Tlatoles with owl-like singing, dancing, intoxicants) and some linguistic references. Also describes relationships between Tepehuanes and Tarahumara. Geographical descriptions. (R. Perez) (1977)

Contains ethnographic information- describes 'hatoles'; tlatoleros defined as heretical preachers. comment when offered baptism- i am a man; I will not die. mentions plague at the mission San Joaquin y Santa Ana. (R. Perez) (1977)

Notes Hurdaide's death. Describes successful campaign against rebel Nebomes 70 soldiers, 2000 Indian auxiliaries by new general. Mentions desire various Opata, Pima Bajo groups for missionaries. Discusses missionization Chinipas. Describes Pan- tribal festival held on Rio Mayo. Notes missionaries' successful attempt to remove customary restrictions concerning who could participate huge communal fishing expedition. Notes reduction Vayemas (Guaymas-Seri group) to Pueblo Rio Yaqui. says good harvests this year. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Discusses missionization Chinipas by fr. Juan Castini, 1621, desire Guazapares for missionaries as well. Notes successful attempts Castini to secure peace between the two groups, previously enemies. Estimates 21,000 baptisms Rio Mayo, 30,000 Rio Yaqui, 9000 Rio Nebome. Describes Mayos as must docile Indians Sinaloa. Notes recent missionization Conicaris. Gives geographical location, population figures Hios (Warihios)- 17 pueblos, 9 with 500-600 inhabitants, the rest with 200. Notes Huvagures, Teguisos beyond Hios. States Baciroas, Tehatas reduced to Conicari Pueblo, Tepague. Notes Topichis requests for missionization. 11 Yaqui pueblos then, Torim the largest. says Yaquis engaged in continuous wars with neighbors, civil wars, robberies, murders among themselves. Mentions Yaqui resistance to baptism, drunkenness, superstition, polygamy, practice of marrying Mother, daughter, sisters, transhumance. Describes conference of Yaqui sorcerers (hechiceros) in Torim who attempted to disprove missionaries, teachings, saying after death, souls went underground, not to heaven, where they practiced all types of vices and have a very happy life. Apparently, missionary converted them, however. Mentions plans for Yaqui revolt 1620, murder Hurdaide, missionaries, never carried out. Notes missionization Nebomes, who sent 11 children to Villa De Sinaloa to learn how to read/write. Requests Aibinos, Mobas, Nures for missionaries. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Folders 1 and 2 contain English translation of triunfas (not precised here.) Folder 1 also contains historia de Cinaloa, which summarizes religious and military activity from 1591 to 1620. Includes much ethnographic data, population statistics, geographic description. (R. Perez) (1977)

Mentions Island Rio Yaqui 2 leagues from mouth where largest concentration Yaquis have their fields, describes Yaqui flood plain agriculture (maize, beans, squash), including 2 planting seasons. States cotton, Mescal (agave), otras semillejas not cultivated, but apparently Tuna (opuntia) was. Notes Lower pueblos' exploitation sea resources, especially fish. Mentions continuous warfare with Nebomes, Mayos. says Yaquis, surrounded by enemies, unable to leave territory, desire friendship with Nebomes especially, because Yaquis wish to trade with Guaymas (Seri group), parientes de los Nebomes. for shells, beads. Notes scattered Rancheria style settlement pattern from Tesano to sea (14 leagues). Houses of petate, located near fields. Describes aid Yaqui leaders in missionization process. Stresses isolated, beleaguered nature Yaqui society, desire for security from enemies. Notes that although Yaqui leaders don't possess power over others, their example respected, followed. Describes friendly reception missionaries. 1600 children baptized. Adults feared baptism because of epidemic (cocoliztli), which they equated with Sacrament. says Yaquis beginning to build Adobe homes. Also states Yaquis chose 12 sites for reduction 16,000 inhabitants to permanent settlements, 2 of which uncomfortable and will be reduced finally to 10. Nuris noted as friends of Yaquis, desirous of reduction as well to area with better land. Discusses desire other mountain groups for missionaries. Notes attempts to end indecent dances, drinking bouts, with fiestas de dios. Mentions Indians' preference for beef over wild game. says Yaquis now cutting hair shoulder length instead of wearing it long, customary among warriors. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Full of ethnographic information- clothing; subsistence; marital practices; religious (sorcerers, sacrifices, idol called vuamari); use of intoxicants. Cites number of baptisms. Mentions epidemic. Notes war between Tepehuanes and Tarahumara. (R. Perez) (1977)