Indians (Relations)

Correspondence re: expenses incurred in warring and maintaining peace with Indians. Indians are to be established in sierras and aguajes near presidios so they can continue to exploit wild foods and bison. Galvez suggests gifts be given to make Indians indebted to Spaniards. Loyola relates past experiences with reduccion of Chiricaguis; suggests need for patience in all dealings. Administrative correspondence re: accounts; instrucciones (ff. 446-451) re: handling of cuentas. (D. Uhlman, June 1988)

(D. Uhlman, June 1988)

Details of expedition on Sierras de Encinillas and San Buenaventura; requests for peace by various Apache groups. Peace should only be granted to Indians who demonstrate willingness to maintain peace, ie. Do not commit any requirements for granting peace, maintaining Indians in peace; who will be granted peace, rations of food and clothing, livestock to be supplied. Reference to gifts given to Indians as token of goodwill. Specific financing of support for Indians discussed in subsequent documents (See ff 342-360). (D. Uhlman, June 1988)

(D. Uhlman, may 1988)

Expediente 15 (ff. 619-623) concerns the allotment of 154 fanegas of corn for use by Comanches; mention of need for these supplies because of scarcity of bison, upon which Comanches relied for subsistence; also includes a draft of a letter from Florez(?) Approving this action. expediente 16 concerns funds for the maintenance of peaceful relations with friendly Indians in Nuevo Concha due to bureaucratic delays in receiving aid in 1789 and 1790; attack on presidio del Norte by angry Comanches and enemy Mescaleros; necessity of funds for maintaining peace; use of money intended for sinodos for Indian pacification in emergency; correspondence including orders regarding rapid remission of funds to Santa Fe. (W. Copas, July 1988)

Expediente, accompanied by cover sheet, concerning funds needed in 1790 for pacification of Indians in Nueva Mexico. Topics and June 1789, including military campaigns, maintenance of horses and other livestock, seeds and grain for use by military and friendly Indians; F. 574 is a table summarizing these expenditures; discussion of amount of funds to be allocated; includes numerous drafts of letters from Florez and Revilla Gigedo to various officials relaying orders; discussion of transportation of money and goods; includes a letter from Madrid to Revilla Gigedo approving plans; ff. 605-607 are tables of expenses paid with these funds. (W. Copas, July 1988)

Expediente, accompanied by cover sheet, concerning policies of payment of presidial troops and companias volantes in Nueva payment of troops; efforts to establish peace with Mescalero Apaches; discussion of Indian population in Vicinity of presidio del Norte; finances to be used in pacification of Mescaleros; mention of special funds reserved for pacification of Indians (See also this volume, ff. 043-070). (W. Copas, June 1988)

Expediente, accompanied by cover sheets, concerning formation of a Comanche Poblacion, San Carlos de los Yupes, near Napestle to discuss site of new Poblacion; reports of progress in construction and settlement; aid from Spaniards in construction of village; Ugarte's support of Anza's actions and orders to Anza's successor Concha to continue efforts; resentment among Indians and methods of encouraging them to resettle; relations between Comanches and Saguaguanas; continuing hostility between Comanches and Apaches; Comanche participation in military campaigns; avoidance of unnecessary expenditures in Poblacion project; suggestion by Ugarte to establish similar Poblacion for Yutas; discussion of reasons for resettling Indians; conversion of Indians to catholicism; discussion of funding for these projects; ff. 508-510 is a Cuenta, including a table of accounts of costs incurred in the project compiled in response to Posada' request; discussion of abandonment of San Carlos settlement by Comanches after the death of one of Parauanarimuco's women, and superstitions which led to abandonment; impossibility of convincing Comanches to reoccupy site; discussion of funding of project using special funds (See also this volume, ff. 043-070) suggestion from Ugarte to occupy site with Spaniards; includes draft of letter from Florez to Ugarte containing orders to this effect; discussion of Comanches' resistance to reoccupation of site and other difficulties; suggestion from Ugarte that this type of project not be repeated. (W. Copas, June 1988)

Expediente, accompanied by cover sheets and index, concerning Spanish efforts to break secret alliance between Navajos and Apaches. Includes a relacion summarizing several of Anza's with Navajos; use of Comanches to intimidate Navajos at meetings with Spaniards; possibility of Navajos hiding Apache horse raiders; estimates of population and military strength of Navajo nation; generally improving relations between Navajos and Spaniards; includes orders from Ugarte to Anza regarding steps to be taken to break alliance between Navajos and Apaches; Ugarte's order to elect a general to act over other Navajo captains; Navajo participation in military campaigns; mention of peaceful groups of Gilenos in Sonora; commerce between Spaniards and Navajos; importance of converting Navajos to catholicism; ff. 368-371 is a detailed report by Roque de Medina of a Series of incidents between Spaniards and Apaches in and around Arispe, in which there may have been Navajo involvement; orders from Ugarte to Anza to investigate this possibility; mention of alliance between Navajos and Mimbrenos; these orders also include suggestions regarding further subjugation of Navajos and disruption of alliance with Apaches; ff. 376-378 is a letter from Ugarte reporting to king actions taken to break alliance; ff. 380-387 are letters from Anza to Ugarte reporting compliance and successful implementation of Ugarte's orders; letter from Ugarte to Florez reporting the situation and draft of letter from Flore in response to Ugarte. (W. Copas, June 1988)

Expediente, accompanied by cover sheet, consisting of letters concerning peaceful relations with Comanches and continuing war Lipanes in Coahuila, and peaceful overtures by Lipanes in Nueva Mexico; request by Lipanes to open commerce; discussion of past betrayals of trust by Lipanes and other Apache groups; discussion of tendency of Apaches to renew hostilities after peaceful meetings with Spaniards; importance of maintaining peace with Comanches, Yutas, Navajos, and Jicarillas; orders from Ugarte to Concha to disregard overtures made by enemy groups of Apaches (gilenos, Pharaones, Natagees, Mescaleros, Lipiyanes, Lipanes, or any other Apache group except Jicarillas); successful military campaigns in Sonora and Nueva Vizcaya in 1787; threat to peace between Spaniards and Comanches if Spaniards make peace with Apaches; discussion of campaigns by Spaniards and Comanches against Apaches and importance of Indian auxiliaries; treatment of Apache prisoners; detailed description of campaign by Ysampampi against Apaches, including numbers killed or captured; Florez's approval of Ugarte's policies; ff. 333-338 is a detaile journal of a campaign against Apaches in October-November 1788, including a table (f. 333v) of company strengths; Florez's commendation of three soldiers who distinguished themselves in this campaign;orders from Ugarte to Concha regarding future campaigns, and Florez's response to these orders. (W. Copas, may 1988)