Indians (Relations)

(R. Davis) (1980)

(robert H. Jach) (1981)

Detailed annotated bibliography to correspondence from Ugalde to Florez from 1787 to 1790, listed by document number, separated by month, year. Actual documents not included, but index may be useful as evidence of existence of documents, or guide to them; most letters listed will be part of Archivo General de la Nacion, should therefore be listed somewhere in Provincias Internas index. Ff.1-6 are Aug-Dec, 1787. Ff.7-21 are Jan-Dec, 1788. Ff.22-28 are Jan-Sep, 1789. Ff.29-34 are 1990 (only date given is October 19). Ff.9, 13, 18 concern Picax- Ande and Lipiyan treaty. (A. Dean, may 1990)

Informes investigating identity of Apache Guadalupe Rodriguez who claims to be lieutenant of natives at San Salvador mission. Controversy regarding Rodriguez' passport which was lost and the issue of a second. Interrogation of Rodriguez and guide Maldonado questions motives of Rodriguez' arrival in Mexico City. Account (135) of Rodriguez' route from Dolores to capital. Mentions Anglo-american Apache relations (135.5-136); Rodriguez witnesses anglos trading liquor, cigars, gunpowder and arms to Apaches for antelope and bison. (J. Hiller, April 1989)

Mention that Seris wish to cultivate land adjacent to Pitic, but that the land already has owners; also mention that removal of Martinez is bad because he is well respected by the Seris. (J. Tapia, February, 1988)

Index to 68 letters and expedientes from legajo containing different subjects pertaining to Coahuila and Sonora in years 1760-1761. Indexed material includes conduct of Ravago; instructions to Cancio regarding administration of Sacramento; petition that Barrios give his youngest son to service of king as soldier; hostilities of Apache and Julimenos against livestock; presentation of papers against Ravago; need for arms in Santa Rosa; naming of Tierda de Cuervo as governor of Sonora and Sinaloa; Montesinos' declination of governor position; establishment of a presidio near San Antonio de la Huerta; decree granting justicias book which notes registering of claims for mines in their jurisdictions; discovery of gold in Bacuachi; establishment of various postal services (J. Hiller, July 1989).

Index to administrative correspondence (1743-1767) treating matters which include discussion of campaign against Apaches; transferring presidio San Xavier to jurisdiction of San Saba; mission establishment in Reyno de Leon; pearl fishery on coasts of Californias; destruction of friendly Cumanche ranch; reduction of Jaquis to San Buenaventura; means to liberate Nueva Viscaya from enemy invasions (J. Hiller, July 1989).

Ugarte y Loyola submits detailed informe regarding criminals accused of treason and means to contain rebellious Indian nations. Tabular listing (f.50) of number of prisoners (including degrees of imprisonment, number of those assigned work, and number of deaths by sickness) accused of treason and other crimes. Notes existence of domestic enemy Allied with Apache nation who serve as spies. Sites examples of collaboration of these enemies with Indian enemies. Ugarte y Loyola informes Galvez of resolutions passed to contain rebellious Apache and Taraumara tribes. Instructions for Borica and Diaz in their visit to Indian communities for inspection (J. Hiller, June 1989)

Ugarte y Loyola informs of judicial, administrative, spiritual, economic, and defensive conditions in Sonora and Nueva Vizcaya. Notes problems in judicial branch including inexperience of secondary judges; lack of prisons, lawyers to consult with, and scribes to handle judicial proceedings; costs of prisons, paper, mail, etc.. Reports (f.30) of robberies and murders committed by Apaches and others, including bands of Taraumaras escaped from their mission. Proposed creation of a high court (f. 31.5). Discussion of founding capital city of 6 provincias (f. 32.5) and its relation to comandante general's residence and site of high court. Most advantageous site would be in San Bartholome Valley. Salt production and prices (f. 34). Report (35.5) that spiritual of gospel deeply affected. Much information (f. 37) regarding many Indian nations with respect to their geographic domains, hostilities, and relations to Spanish plan for defense. (J. Hiller, may 1989)

Concha states that Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Apaches, Faraones, Navajos, Yutas and Cumanches are present in New Mexico --the latter two being numerous and strong. Provincia composed of 8 jurisdictions. Reports that town Indians are applied workers that cultivate carefully their lands, selling part of their crops, and dressing selves with fabricated textiles. Indians reported to enjoy a comfort greater than in anywhere in the two Americas. Indians also credited as robust and agile in war. Notes that Spanish population, much more numerous, is equally dedicated to agriculture and care of livestock. Women weave cotton and wool skillfully. Notes snowy Weather conditions. Provincias, use of bartering and coins called pesos de la tierra. Reports that residents and Indians are very obedient in military campaigns; however, they are not richly provided for. Indians lack instruction from missions while Spanish have little. Description of makeup and excellent quality of troops in provincia. Notes advantages of alliance with Cumanches, Nabajoes, Yutas to unite against common Apache enemy. Geographic and military plans of two summer campaigns which utilize Allied Indian nations. (J. Hiller, may 1989)