Indians (Mistreatment)

First several folios contain vague memos regarding expedientes included in volume; instancia of Pinto Indians that protector Serna destroyed mission, deprived them of missionary, cattle, food, other goods; Indians' argument verified, Serna required to compensate losses. (L. Kerr, December 1988)

Ff. 0383 - 0392 concern the retirement benefits of Lacumba being discounted by the amount that he owes the compania de Laredo, half of his salary; recalculation of the amount that Lacumba actually owes; Calleja responds to the two previous letters; document that traces the subject discussed, includes detailed financial information on how the amount was arrived at. Additional documentation on the subject of the abilitado's calculations; ff. 0393 concerns Farias' petition to contract marriage; ff. 0394 concerns the accounts that deal with gifts made to Indians supplied from the funds of primera and tercera compania volantes; ff. 0395-0398 concerns the case formed against Garza for revoltoso y seductor de los indios, gives el gato as nickname of Garza; Felix Calleja Lets Yturrigaray know that as soon as he receives the proper paperwork he will have the prisoner Garza transferred; ff. 0399 concerns the case formed against Castillo because of his treatment of his wife Garcia, document refers to relevant code that is being used in judicial proceeding, this code is apparently from one used in Cuba; ff. 0400-0401 concerns documentation ordered by Mosquera on matter of death of Ixart. (O. Velez, November 1989)

Seris called menos Mala, y la que Mas ha sido castigada of all rebels. 114 Seris killed, captured since June of 1768. Many Seris asking for peace. Notes surrender, pardon of capitan Crisanto. Crisanto states many Seris wish to make peace but are so dispersed it is difficult to get them together. Seris tired of life of constant danger, afraid of Spanish troops since attack on Palma canyon. Marcos described as el principal leader of Seris. Elizondo argues that although it would be best to exterminate rebels, their tactic of dispersing into small groups make such a task virtually impossible. States if Seris had been treated justly in first place, they may not have rebelled. Claims they were enslaved by los expulsos (Jesuits) and had most reason of all rebels to rebel. Notes that since Seris first to rebel, they're blamed for hostilities committed by other rebels. States Seris menos ynumana, y la que menos y mbasions ha hecho en la Provincia de ostimury. Notes that reduced Seris can be used as guides against Suaquis and Pimas. (T. Sheridan) (1980)

Herrera rejects expense receipts that Loredo submits for escorting Indian chain-gang from Arispe via Guadalaxara to Mexico; Loredo contests validity of refusal with auditor de guerra's support; royal decree reveals even military petitions must be on official paper with the sello segundo which has Loredo redoing his expense receipts; Perez requests payment for his companies' services in escorting Loredo and prisoners from Guadalaxara to Mexico (Zapotlan); validity of this request is rejected on the grounds that the troop is in the service of his majesty the king and need not be paid extra; after Ten years of debate over the issue between the real hacienda, Loredo and the various viceroys, the king issues a royal decree stating that troops are to be paid 16 pesos for every 80 leagues covered. (E. Wilson, October 1989)

Three chain gangs sent from Guadalaxara to Mexico and costs expected to feed each adult and child; children may be given away for adoption to be educated and christianized; Loredo is in charge of gang that originated in Arispe consisting of escapees and he is to pick up more in Guadalaxara that are destined for Mexico City. expense records are to be kept to justify monies received in Guadalaxara for the real hacienda in Mexico. Loredo receives an escort from Guadalaxara to Mexico City. Receipts of monies spent along the trail are signed by local leaders. expense lists are on ff# 85-86. (E. Wilson, October 1989)

Malnourished Seri fugitives arrive at Pitic, are given rations of corn, wheat by presidio. Reference to 1784 when Seris Tepocas, Tiburones conceded peace, were given rations of wheat and land sufficient for survival, on conditions they wore clothes and ceased practicing their religion. Troop from Pitic with Seri, Pima auxiliaries meets Apache family traveling on Cienega road, attacks them. Mentions 24 Chiricahuas who concede peace at Bacoachi, September 20. Mention of 96 Seri residents in Pitic. Original copy of official order by viceroy that any soldier or auxiliary who kills or injures any Indian in reduccion or under treaty will be Charged with treason. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Complaints concerning mistreatment of various individuals by teniente Coronel Maynes (ff. 46-48); salary of teniente Coronel Manrrique as interim governor of province (ff. 49); notice of installation of interim governor Maynes (ff. 50); Maynes does not arrive promptly for appointment, notice that Allande take wage as he has been responsible for position (ff. 51); as Maynes slow to take up post half salary docked, lack of reason for separation from post (ff. 52-53); summary of documents concerning change of governorship of Provincia de Nueva Mexico by Allande (ff. 54); clarification of reason for withholding salary from Maynes, separation of Maynes from interim post for mistreatment of Indians (ff. 56-59); more documents that Allende receive half Maynes' salary (ff. 59-63); copies of previous documents (ff. 64-69); summary document (ff. 70); documents have little specific information except salary amount. (p. Coyle March 1990)

Repetitive testimony of Indians and vecinos concerning alleged mistreatment of Indians by detachment under commandant Jose Ortega; includes separate heading concerning decision to release soldier Salvador Rodriguez for third desertion on ff.322. (p. Coyle January 1990)

Series of charges against Escandon. First charge, folio 10, that Escandon did not reduce Indians peacefully and failed to populate the colony; second charge folio 60 that Escandon did not distribute the land between people, soldiers and Indians during twenty years; third charge, folio 77, that he did not take in to account the meeting of 1748 on election of captains and treatment of Indians; fourth charge, folio 88, failure to investigate the murder of several Indians; fifth charge, folio 90, failure of Escandon to investigate and punish captain Guevara's murder of a group of Indians; sixth charge, folio 90, no investigation of other murders by Unsaga; seventh charge, folio 91, Escandon orders killing of three Indians, one a minor; eighth charge, folio 93, a citizen of Aguayo complains to to Escandon about the behaviour of a captain, Escandon punishes the complainer and when the wife of the complainer goes to look for him and she was murdered by the Indians; ninth charge, folio 95, Escandon separates Indian men from their wifes and children, and sells Indians to other cities resulting in Indian retaliation and thus starting wars with Xanambres and Apostatas. He is accused of twenty years of fraud, despotism, trials without authority, misappropriation of land; 10 charge folio 98, Escandon sends 173 Indians to Querataro; eleventh charge, folio 100, Escandon kept three Indians working for him for fifteen years; twelfth charge, folio 103, Escandon abused his power to use the death penalty and forced labor in the presidio; thirteenth charge, folio 103, he used comissions to get Indians for his own service; fourteenth charge, folio 106, he failed to protect Indian health; fifteenth charge, folio 107, he used Indians to build his house and maintain his lands; sixteenth charge, folio 108, he failed to investigate or punish two sheperds who murdered an Indian; seventeenth charge, folio 110, Escandon populated colony with dangerous criminals getting the nickname of colonia Portugal de Nueva Espana; eighteenth charge, folio 114, Escandon forgives Indians that confess crimes and puts them in esquadras militares; nineteenth charge, folio 115, Escandon intimidated new settlers he did not like and gave instructions not to accept them; twentieth charge, folio 117, he appointed a murderer from Reinosa as captain; twenty first charge, folio 119, Escandon admitted a delinquent from Coahuila; twenty second charge, folio 121, twice Escandon destroyed the church of the Pisones Indians; twenty third charge, folio 123, has taken land from Indians of Santa Rosa; twenty fourth charge, folio 125, Escandon did not build a church in Laredo for the spiritual benefit of the Spaniards and Indians; twenty fifth charge, folio 128, for a period of 14 years Escandon remained minister of Santillana village; twenty sixth charge, folio 129, Escandon did not permit the redistribution of Diezmos from labranzas y crianzas in the colony for 20 years; twenty seventh charge, folio 131, Escandon renamed places; twenty eighth charge, folio 135, Escandon became rich and did not pay diezmos; twenty ninth charge, folio 138, Escandon gave a captain more than five Leguas at border of Rio Grande, other land and did not pay any diezmo to church of Guadalaxara; thirtieth charge, folio 141, Escandon was paying salaries to ministers in places that had no ministers; thirty first charge, folio 141, Escandon did not accept Indians in his village because he did not want to give them protection; thirty second charge, folio 144, he gave instructions to captain of Laredo not to admit Apaches; thirty third charge, folio 147, Escandon did not give 100 pesos to the colonists of San Carlos; thirty fourth charge, folio 148, Escandon refused to receive the bishop from Guadalaxara; thirty fifth charge, folio 151, he became a trader, knowing gobernadores were prohibited from trade; thirty sixth, charge, folio 158, Escandon permit exploitation of mines and use of silver without paying tax; thirty seventh charge, folio 160, since the year 1746 he had not reduced or pacified any Indians; last charge folio 162, complaints from capitania general related to Escandon's procedures. The next group of folios (166-319) are the defense of Escandon. (D. Bautista, nov, 1989)

Documents concerning Ramon's punitive expedition against rebel Indians in Coahuila, founding of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de Tlaxcala, and other issues. Cuerbo de Valdes mentions death of 5 soldiers in aforementioned campaign, distribution of captive women and children to participating soldiers; requests supplies of arms and powder. Also included is fiscal's comments and suggestions, decisions of junta general concerning Coahuilan affairs which threatens hacenderos with fines should they be found guilty of mistreating Indians. Lastly, Cuerbo de Valdes' auto de Fundacion of new Pueblo of Tlaxcala colonized by Indians from Saltillo. (J. H. Ochs, December 1987)