Horses

Apache Indian attack during the night raids and steals horses from San Antonio corrals. 80 horses are stolen. Flores follows them all night only to return in the morning to gather men and Indians for a search group. After 2 months horses and Indians are found. In the ensuing capture, enemy Indians are killed and taken hostage with their women, children and supplies. One Indian captive claims they stole horses for other Spaniards with whom they have 'cambalache' or trade. Peace is offered to them if all chiefs involved will return to the camp within 20-days. Beginning at ff. 352 three French deserters are seeking passports to Veracruz via Bahia del Espiritu Santo, they are Rosel, Barroi and Martin. Garza Falcon disbelieves their claim and considers them spies for the French. They are given an escort to be brought to justice. The French are known for having strong influence over the Indians and consider the Cumanches, Canzeres, Pananas and Apaches as theirs. Flores endorses Ramon for position of captain of San Antonio presidio due to his campaigns in the Tejas provinces. Trade could be increased with improved relations with the Indians. (E. Wilson, March 1990)

Concerns reports by Escandon and others concerning conditions in Altamira and feasibility of official establishment as Villa. Contains review of mission, Fabricas, Indians, land, climate and distances from Altamira to other Villas along frontera. Contains complete lists of families, Escuadra and all property. Mentions conditions established for residents and their obligation to stay in Altamira. Mentions financial support for Villa. says peaceful relations with Indians who receive corn rations from Altamira. Cyprian says location is perfect, good land, easy transportation on rivers, abundant fish and other reasons. Recommends uniting with Panuco and Tampico to secure the coast. says temperate with few Mosquitos. Also mentions cultivation of Calabazas. Instructions by Escandon for future activity such as building of homes, treatment of Indians and church construction. Contains city plan including rivers surrounding Villa. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns autos, plans and conditions for establishment of San Fernando by Escandon. Escandon, with assistance from others, conducts complete review of area including population, squad, land, climate, Indians and agricultural feasibility. says abundant Cal, Piedra, and sand for construction. Also, abundant fish and good pastures. Discusses treatment and education of Indians. Considering new mission establishment. says lack of food sustenance makes permanence difficult. List of all property in the town including horses, cattle and mules. Includes map of city with place for church, convent, and Plaza and illustration of rivers in around town. Mentions use of special paper for autos. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns autos, plans and conditions for establishment of Reynosa by Escandon. Area first populated to pacify Indians, become familiar with the land and to test feasibility of irrigation in area. Escandon provides instructions for agricultural methods until construction of well completed. Escandon conducts, with assistance of others, review of population, property, land, Esquadra and Indians. Asks for reports regarding probability of permanence of Indians in area and need for new mission. Contains list of families including marital status, name, age and property. Contains list of Esquadra with same information. States conditions for population and Esquadra and their obligations to the town. Provides information on all Indian nations, whether armed or not, name of capitan, where raised, if baptised and likelihood of remaining peacefully in area. Mentions food supplies and basic sustenance. Contains list of property in town including horses, cattle and mules. Includes detailed description of land and digging of well. Mentions which lands need irrigation, which are fertile. Indians working for Spanish are given clothing and dry-goods. Includes city plan with provisions for church and convent and drawing of rivers around location. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns all info regarding population and land pertaining to decision to formally establish Camargo. Date of establishment by Escandon. says people sent to area to pacify Indians, build azequias and plant crops. Perez suggests methods of agriculture pending construction of well. Escandon, assisted by others, performs inspection of land, climate, and Indians. Provides information on Indians congregated in area and probability of permanence at mission. Contains list of families including all names, marital status and age. Also, list of animals owned by each and Villa as whole. Describes different tribes in area, saying they are armed, some are baptised and most are peaceful. Contains list of Esquadra, their families and property. States conditions for residents and soldiers and their obligation to remain in Camargo. Description of land and availability of maiz and Trigo. Autos by others containing similar evaluations. Includes planned layout of city identifying Plaza, church, convent, distance from other Villas and surrounding rivers. Mentions use of special paper for autos. (M. Dannemiller, March 1989)

Concerns reports on Indians stealing horses from Sacramento. Review of the motion to relocate presidio del sacramento to valle de Santa Rosa; relocation of presidio is said to be necessary to stop Indians who do not want to accept faith. Relocation is good also, for strategic position to fight against the rebels. Missionaries support the relocation saying is good for the missions and for the Indians who eventually could be converted. Jesuits are opposed to the relocation (M. Marroquin, February 1989)

Series of documents dealing with military campaigns against Apache Indians; summary of Indian activities and hostilities against the Spaniards; military operations against Indians resulted in the recovery of horses, cattle and the capture of Indians who were taken prisoners and cut their ears off, some Indians were decapitated; chart in this document condenses outcome of military actions against Indians (number of prisoners, combat casualties, Indians killed and animals recovered); military operation is organized and leaves in pursuit of Indian leader who escaped from coachi; letter is sent to the viceroy giving notice of Apache leader being resettled in presidio of Tupson. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Series of documents concerning peaceful Indians being resettled in presidios. Mention is made of unwillingness Indians have to being moved, prefering to stay where they were born. Results of military campaigns against Apaches is reported to viceroy, outcome of military actions involved some Indians killed, soldiers injured, Indians taken prisoners including women and children. Document is made of several reports on military campaigns against Indian rebels and is repetitive. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Series of documents concerning reports of military forces that are available or incomplete in the various provincias del poniente. Documents include chart of comparative figures on military personnel, Indian prisoners, inventories of war supplies, ill soldiers, religious personnel and military in charge of presidios, military exercise and training, weapons and ammunition making, military escorts authorized, campaigns against Indians, postal services, target practices for soldiers, and a variety of events related to the activities proper of the presidios life. Documents include figures only. Names of people and military officials can be found in the chart foot notes. Documents consist of charts and a Series of entries in form of a diary, which presents the novedades occurred in every place or presidio. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Series of documents reporting on Indian conflicts due to some killings occurred between Pimas and Yaquis; Apaches stole horses and other animals in the hacienda of a priest; Series of reports about Indian hostilities in Sonora; military post is requested to protect presidios and other properties from Indian robberies; Series of reports about Indian attacks against presidios, Indians usually stole and killed animals in this sort of action. (M.marroquin, December 1988)