Haciendas (Defense)

Barrutia and Rivera communicate with virrey concerning drought in Nueva Vizcaya and resulting Indian hostilities; solutions to problems with Indians discussed ultimately concluding with need for elimination; salaries of and number of soldiers needed in presidios debated; various Indian and Spanish atrocities recounted in general manner to illustrate need for decisive offensive action against Indians; question of number of presidios worth maintaining in region discussed; eventual orders issued by virrey concerning above. (D. J. McClelland, January , 1988)

Series of letters sent to viceroy about the conflict between inhabitants of real de Vallecillos and government officials. Reports to viceroy is more concise and only makes a brief overview of the controversy but stress need for more military personnel in that area. People from Vallecillos are supposed to provide for one soldier each, so militia can be organized. (M. Marroquin, August 1989)

Series of testimonies explaining details of what kind of abuses were committed by Alcalde Baez, who forced hacendados to pay, each, one soldier for defense of real de Vallecillos. Hacendados complain that Baez took animals and money from them to benefit himself. Testimonies are taken from people who were affected by abusive behavior from Alcalde Baez. Document explain context of events arguing that all was to protect haciendas and dwellers from Indians who used Vallecillos as a port of entry. (M. Marroquin, August 1989)

Series of autos, testimonies and certifications about the formation of a militia of 50 soldiers in real de Vallecillos. Conflict arose when some Hacendados did not want to contribute and began to have meetings to resist the tax. Document explains in detail the type of situations occurring among Hacendados and government officials (some Hacendados compromised to arm one soldier each and then withdrew the offer. (M. Marroquin, August 1989)

Concerns pacification of Indians, protection of haciendas in Nuevo Leon; accounts of fighting and deaths; many place names; repetitive otherwise. Several references to a map, but no map present. (K.hubin, oct.1989)

Concerns barbarian Indians' penetration into Nuevo Leon through Coahuila; accounts of raids on haciendas, pueblos and missions and military campaigns against them in various regions inside province; accounts by Lorca y Villena of military combat statistics. (K. Hubin, October 1989)

Series of documents concerning numerous Indian raids in the province of Durango. Many haciendas and rancherias are being abandoned due to these depredations. Several justicia mayores report to Diaz on abandonment of towns. There is also discussion of recruiting the local population as military auxiliaries. Diaz also seeks assistance of the bishop in an effort to convince people to stay in their towns and haciendas. (J. Tapia, October, 1987)

Concerns letters dealing with legal procedures carried out in case against Indians from pueblo de mamata, who committed abuses against Spanish haciendas and mines. (M. Marroquin, June 1989)

Virrey (?) Comments that defensive operations are not as effective as offensive operations with respect to the goal of reduccion. Also acknowledges receipt of Rengel's campaign diary from New Mexico 1788 concerning reduccion of Apaches and use of Comanches in partidas against Apaches. Ugarte y Loyola describes company of Rengel's force as including Opatas, volunteers and infantry. Describes how Apache hostilities in past had forced Tobas to abandon their settlements. Relates hacienda owners' contributions to defense against Apache raids. (S. Gibbs, March 1988)

Documents discuss general campaign of 1787-1788. Virrey lists Echeagaray's tactical maneuvers in Sonora, and the preparation of three partidas for campaigning. Ugarte y Loyola writes of kidnapping and assaults on Mule trains by Apaches and Taraumaras. Mentions limited animal recovery success of quarta compania volante. Reports little action in California and New Mexico. Commends Cordero;s attack on Indian settlement in which Cordero's men murder, steal horses, take prisoners and burn homes. Reports troops of villasecusa, Mata Binolas and Fato in Sonora, relates inclusion of Pimas in military force. Reports Villaescusa's attack on Apache Rancheria. General report concludes with summary table of casualties and damage statistics for Sonora and Nueva Vizcaya campaigns. Ugarte y Loyola, in Series of letters and copies of field reports to virrey Flores, reports details of Nueva Vizcaya campaign. explains division of troops into three groups under Cordero, Vergara and Echeagaray. Brief field reports from each capitan describe tracking and attacking of Indians by Spanish. Final letter to virrey reports Chiricagui pacification in Bacuachi, describes intertribal relations, reports use of Indians for spies and guides, and notes Apache Chiricagui resistance to pacification efforts. (S. Gibbs, March 1988)