Census

A detailed explanation of 54 articles that are relevant to the comission that Ugarte y Loyola will undertake which discuss the battle tactics and customs of Apaches especially as it relates to their dead, success against chiriguaris, peace treaty with Apaches, continued attacks from outlaws and instructions for remedy of this situation, freedom in troop use, renewed pardon, the right to hang on the spot any person caught actively collaborating with the Apaches, instructions on how to handle military prisoners, situations in which Indian labor is exploited, travel restrictions, abuses against Indians with their grain harvests, census of Indians, giving priority to Indians in use of lands not now under cultivation, inappropriate distribution of people in settlements, Jesuits confiscation of goods to be reversed now that they have been expelled from area, instructions on visitas, reduction of Taraumares in Sierra Madre under the colegio de Guadalupe de Zacatecas, military use of Indians by generals and tenientes, and abondonement of the real Tabahueto. (O. Velez, August 1989)

Concerns current issues in missions. List of mission populations. Palou suggests need for severe punishment due to Indians' insolence. Cites examples of theft and attacks. says soldiers refuse to punish Indians because they are later blamed for Indian desertion. Ramos has followed instructions of visitador general to make progress in material aspects of mission by placing mayordomos in charge of Indians, proof of which appears in October inventory. says progress threatened by theft and destruction by Indians. Requests Barri not to impose order ridding missions of mayordomos claiming a loss in production would occur. Contains count of mules and horses. Guicuras dying of syphilis. Suggests forming Spanish population in Todos Santos. Suggestions for resolving problems including transfering priests and ways to calm and establish Indians. (M. Dannemiller, March 1988)

Report of diputacion cabecera de Jurisdiccion de minas; begins with three printed pages of guidelines for reports from each real (mining town). Each real to list 1) number of people, condition of town; 2) names of mines, owners, products; 3) number, names of haciendas supported by mines; 4) quantity of Mineral extracted; 5) quantity of Azoque needed proportional to Actual mine products; 6) list of natural resources in area of mines; 7) drawbacks of area. Report concerns primarily mines of Chihuahua, Santa Eulalia, Cosiguriachi, Parral. Gives total, annual silver production 1703 to 1791 in Santa Eulalia, 1731 to 1791 in Chihuahua. Discusses peso value of silver, distances between mines, other places; history of founding of Santa Eulalia, including names of all duenos with list of assets of each. Mentions some women mine owners; mine disasters; raiding by Apaches; mining supplies. (A. Dean, August 1989)

Extracts from Loyola's general report Mar-December 1788 including military reports from subordinates in New Mexico, N. Vizcaya, Sonora. Includes campaign diary of Romero and Echeagaray in Sonora (mar-apr). Mentions Opatas inclusion in military force. from Bavispe. Table summarizes battle statistics by region and Indian group. Campaign diary of Elquezabal jun-July 1788 near Norte. Table shows organization of force into companies, lists officers and company size. Drought forces dispersal of troops, ends campaign. Loyola documents movement of Sonoran troops in mountains Sacramento and San Francisco, relates Apache Gileno and Taraumara thefts, murders, attacks, Mule train assaults. Encloses copy Martinez' report from Chihuahua, details Spanish attacks, prisoner taking, beast confiscation from Indians. Brief mention of lesson learned from Chiricagui campaign of mentions plan to join forces with Echeagaray to make mountain campaign. Ugarte y Loyola also reports impossibility of stopping attacks, because Indians attack small defenseless parties (eg woodcutters) elaborates on Indian murders, beast killings, thefts by Apaches Mescaleros in Nueva Vizcaya, summarizes Indian damages by province, Indian group, type of depredation and number hurt. Submits report of Ortega's October 1788 campaign in Sierra Escondida against Apaches. Details tracking and persecution, Spanish custom of decapitating enemy corpses for trophy heads. Relates depredations in San Juan Baptista del Rio, reports use of companias volantes against Apaches Mescaleros. Remarks that because Ugalde's eastern campaign is tying up so many troops, western campaign is forced to make smaller forays. Ugarte y Loyola augments force at Pueblo del Gallo, mentions Taraumara hostilities in Cianori. Martinez report from Sacramento mountains outlines force organization in table, gives daily report, detailing route taken and tracking activities, names officers, tallies weight of supplies carried by each company, mentions use of Opatas in force, notes custom of turning in Indian ears as battle trophies, laments paucity of pasture and water due to drought. Includes table of wounded and sick. Medina reports Indian attacks on sheperds near Mapimi (August 1788). Latter folios concern Echeagaray's forays with presidial troops from Santa Cruz against Apaches, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, and yutaquenos. Mentions Mescal as sustenance, and use of Apache and Opata auxiliaries. Details route taken, use of women (Indian ?) As guides. Tables summarize battle statistics and list Apache inhabitants of Bacoachic. (S. Gibbs, March 1988)

Taboada petitions Ugalde to order Ramirez to pay his debt to Taboada. Ugalde authorizes status of Gracia de Invalidos to Castaneda, Villarreal, and Torres. Letters from Echegaray to Ugalde reporting the sending of troops to accompany Ugalde in his military inspection trip. Ugalde notifies Echegaray he must send correspondence to Valle de Santa Rosa even when he is on his military Inspections trip. Notification of Echegaray concerning the military and civil census he must remit to Ugalde. explanation of payments to Espadas after Ugalde's decision in favor of Espadas. Notification of remittance and reception of correspondence.

Inventory of animals, debts, weapons, military personnel and their families' in the companias del Nuevo Reino de Leon; Rio Salado, Monterrey, and Punta de Lampazos from 1787-1788. (E. Wilson, July 1989)

Gachupin acknowledges receipt of inspection reports from virrey. Citing Indian hostilities, Gachupin says avoiding Indians will reduce skirmishes. Reports Indians have damaged population, buildings, mines, commerce of presidios. Includes population information. Suggests reinforcement of presidios by Vecino recruitment alone will not improve defense. Advocates interpresidio cooperation against Indians. (S. Gibbs, July 1987)

Correspondence between Torija and virrey concerning military issues in Chihuahua. Issues include Apache menace to frontier, discussion of conditions to be fulfilled by indios barbaros prior to signing of future peace treaties; disposition of captured indios infieles; reform of military organization in Chihuahua; Torija petitions virrey for command of flying company. Attached is list of haciendas in Chihuahua which includes number of families at each, plus estimate of ganado mayor y Menor, Cavallada y mulada. (J. H. Ochs, June 1988)

Documents between comandante general de Provincias Internas and viceroy about military promotions due to merit and deaths in ranks. Document about payment to conduct roll of Indian prisoners to Mexico City. Census list taken in Nueva Mexico. (A. Dell'acqua, October 1987)

Documents relating to military appointments, transfers, invalid licences to different officers of presidios of Provincias Internas. Orders from viceroy to Ugarte not to correspond directly with consejo de indias as his transfer to Guadalaxara is in effect at this time. (A. Dell'acqua, October 1987)