Cattle

Responding to charges of fray Gonzalez of widespread corruption, inefficiency in Texas presidios, including use of untrained boys as soldiers, use of soldiers as laborers in personal haciendas of presidial captains, exorbitantly high prices of goods sold to presidial soldiers, lack of support for missionary Apache reduccion program, etc., Almazan informs virrey some scandals exist but he's trying to correct them. Concerning Apache reduccion, both he and fray Gonzalez advocate formation of company of 60-70 soldiers taken from Bahia del Espiritu Santo, San Antonio, Coahuila, Rio Grande del Norte presidios, who would first try to continue peace negotiations by carrying gifts to Apaches. Adaes presidial company too occupied in affairs along French frontier to participate. Does not feel San Antonio presidio should be moved next to mission, because both soldiers, Indians need room for their cattle, fields and conflicts would result if they were next to each other. Notes difficulty in communicating with Adaes presidio because of rivers in flood. Good document for presidial information. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Gobernador Almazan notes shortage of arms, clothing, supplies at Espiritu Santo presidio and blames it on lack of military discipline maintained by capitan Romero and his son Diego. States that soldiers gamble away their military equipment, fail to clean their weapons. Describes outbreak of hostilities between Indians camped next to presidio and soldiers. After fight, Indians fled. About half tracked down and taken prisoner by capitan Ramon, but they escaped jacal where they were held. Capitan Ramon received wound that killed him 8 days later. Almazan notes isolation of presidio, difficulty of fortifying it because humidity makes Adobe-making difficult. Advises that presidio be moved como Dos tiros de fusil to peninsula formed by River. Mentions Apache hostilities, including theft of livestock from Espiritu Santo, Rio Grande presidios. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Apaches attack San Antonio presidial horseherd, steal 86 horses. 30 soldiers, Indian auxiliaries, plus eight soldiers from Espiritu Santo presidio equipped, sent to recover horses, leaving San Antonio area underdefended, many of remaining soldiers underequipped. 180 Head of livestock recovered, 20 Apache women, children taken prisoner. After much argument fray Gonzalez convinces capitan of presidio to send one woman prisoner to Apaches as emissary, offering prisoners in return for peace. 4, then 30 Apaches show up. Capitan refuses to negotiate for peace unless all Apache leaders present, antagonizes Apaches and almost precipitates a battle. Only fray Gonzalez' restraint and trust Apache prisoners had in him prevents fight soldiers feel they might have lost, being poorly armed, mounted. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Series of declaraciones concerning Asinay (Texas) and Cadodacho Indians. Although Cadodachos fairly friendly with Spaniards, Asinays in revolt, rejecting missionaries, killing livestock. Many Indians leaving their fields, living on buffalo 11 months of year. Indians, Spaniards testify to impossibility of conquering those Indians with resources presently at Spaniards' disposal. Cadodachos described as mas crecido- Mas benigna than Asinays. Spaniards don't consider area favorable for livestock raising. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Juan Marcelino Pasqual Rivas, Jose Rafael appear before the commandante general saying that their lands and livestock were embargado after the expulsion of the Jesuits, and that Joachin Gomez, mayordomo, has been using the livestock and lands for his own benefit. They say their pueblos are in ruin, the churches are in disrepair and they are accordingly unprepared to repel any invasion. Fray Jose Maria Garrido of the mission de cero cahui says many of the Indians claims are false, and goes on to document his claims. He says that, knowing Indians as well as he does, they are probably in cahoots with Joachin Gomez. (P. Hayes) (1977)

Refers to an unspecified epidemic that has struck both humans and cattle in the real del Parral. Related document (incomplete)-(0038-0039). (R. Perez) (1977)

Inventory for the years 1794 through 1799 of all the livestock of the hacienda. Stock is distinguished as Ganado mayor y Menor, and all species are listed seperately. Also distinguished by sex. (R. Perez) (1977) others- 0285-0291. Parral. 1 enero, 1795-1 enero, 1796. Quaderno de Cuentas y cargos pertenecientes a los proprias de Este real. Proceeds from sale of grains, fruit, etc. Transactions of the alhondiga. Proceeds from puestos y cocinas rented in the main Plaza for fiestas and pascua. Municipal expenditures for maintenance, repairs, etc. 0346-0357. Parral. Ano de 1796. Cuaderno de gastos pertenecientes a Este real. Alhondiga profits; liquor tax; sales taxes; proceeds from land sales; salaries of officials.

Antonio Maria, an Apache from las Cuevas, is apprehended in minas Nuevas for suspicious behavior, and on suspicion that he's spying for enemy Indians. He claims he's a Tarahumara, but has no traveling papers. Testimony includes observations of Apache camps with stolen livestock (and some description of herding technology) and large herd of horses. (R. Perez) (1977)

Two mestizos, Joseph Lopez, Lenero, and Joseph Joaquin Primero, Sirviente, accused of robbing, killing cow owned by Juan Joseph de Parga, minas Nuevas rancher. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Slaves, domestic animals included. (R. Davis) (1976)