Social-Organization

Leon notes power given him by viceroy to found Villa, distribute land, water to Spaniards and Tlascalteco Indians. States that any land granted by justicias mayores, his predecessors, should be registered with him to avoid legal entanglements. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Autos de guerra concerning uprising involving most of Coaguila tribes listed in 201. Major Indian leader called Don Pedrote. Indians attacked missions, roads leading to Parral and especially to Zacatecas. Soldiers from Nuevo Leon sent to help quell rebellion. Leon leads combined force of Nuevo Leon, Coaguila presidiales in campaign against rebels. Told of large Rancheria on other Side of Rio Grande with many buffalo hides. Notes presence of French among Texas Indians. French prisoner describes French settlement protected by 2 Castillos with 20 pieces of artillery at Bahia del Espiritu Santo. Leon decides to go in search of French and lists soldiers taking part in expedition. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Letter (10/7/1684) concerning depredations of Janos, Suma, Conchos Indians, who killed fray Beltran and others. Fiscal's reply concerning military action to be taken against Indians and about Mendoza's expedition to Texas (1/22/1685). (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Mendoza leaves El Paso area, encountering- 1) rancherias of Suma Indians, living on Mescal, who all ask him for help against Apaches; rancherias of Julimes Indians along Rio del Norte, described as gente politica, en la Lengua Mexicana, who cultivate corn and wheat, more than 100 of whom are baptized by Franciscans accompanying expedition; fence used to trap deer and Mule deer for hunting purposes; Jumano Indians led by gobernador Juan Labeta, who complain about Apache hostilities; buffalo and wild dogs, numerous small Indian groups from Coahuila-Texas area (See 201); settlements in junta de los Rios area. Describes geography, Flora (especially trees), fauna along way. Expedition lasted from 12/15/1683-6/14/1684. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

In order to thwart plans of Tepehuan rebels to ally themselves by seeking refuge with Tarahumaras, gobernador Alvear y Salazar mounts expedition into Tarahumara region, which lasted February 26 to April 20, 1619. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Urdinola describes expedition against xixime Indians, who were raiding Spanish settlements, pacified acaxee pueblos in area around Durango. Expedition began in October after rains and was composed of 150 vecinos and soldiers from San Hipolito, San Andres, Chiametla presidios, 1100 Indian auxiliaries, and 2 Jesuits, who remained with pacified Xiximes. Expedition cost more than 80,000 pesos, so to save money, Urdinola disbanded presidio San Andres, composed of capitan 6 soldiers at cost of 3300 pesos/year. Presence of silver veins noted. Urdinola also includes his relacion de la tierra de los Xiximes y de los Yndios ritos y cerimonias que usan, a brief ethnography noting architecture, population (1720), agriculture (maize, beans, squash, batatas o camo- (perhaps camote), cotton), wild food gathering (mescal, Tuna rica) Capote, goyava, textile arts, dress, agriculture (gallinas de Castilla, muchos Pajaros que llamamos goacamayas), and ceremonies, including ritual cannibalism and ceremony involving a virgin placed in a cave while men go to war. Excellent document. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Gobernador Larios residencia. Apparently no serious charges brought against him. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Concerns Apache theft of 300 animals from presidio San Antonio horseherd. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Dolores requests military escort to help him round up mission Capistrano Indians, including Thelojas; Venados, Orejones, Zalopines (Saiopines). Gobernador Basterra sends him 9 soldiers and Cavo Hernandez from San Antonio presidio. Escort attacked by Apaches at Puesto Zibolo, but still returns some fugitive Indians to various missions. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Fray Isamende petitions gobernador for military escort to protect him while he rounds up pacao, azcahoma Indians, numbering 1737, of whom 88 are Christian, who fled mission after Former gobernador Franquis withdrew 3 soldiers stationed there. Basterra (12/2/1737) orders detachment from Espiritu Santo presidio to accompany Isamende. 9 man escort from San Antonio presidio helps Isamende gather 24 souls back to the fold. Isamende notes mission population of Espada in 1739. Fray Santa Ana notes that thacome Indians, los Mas inconstantes de la tribu y Muy del genio de los panpopas , joined Espada mission in 1736. Gobernador Basterra blames Apache hostilities for mission unrest. (T. Sheridan) (1977)