Military Campaigns

Orders from viceroy to Anza about recruitment of soldiers with families to move to and settle San Francisco California, appointments of lieutenant and Sergeant to be in command of garrison. Also appointment of friars to accompany expedition with cooperation of fray Serra establish two missions in area settled. de Anza travels to Sinaloa and established towns in Sonora recruiting families and purchasing supplies, cattle, horses and mules for March with orders to leave as soon as possible carrying enough supplies to leave with settlers until area is established. Viceroy orders de Anza to turn command of expedition in Monterrey to Moncada who will command presidio in San Francisco, also is ordered to select with Moncada site for presidio and missions to be established and return to Sonora as soon as task accomplished. de Anza informs viceroy of progress made in recruitment impossibility of Alferez Morada to go with expedition as wife has terminal disease, also notifies viceroy of death of sargent Espinosa to unknown epidemic which has affected many families recruited slowing progress many months. de Anza request substitution of sargent from O'Conor military inspector and general commander. List of soldiers with families is sent to viceroy amounting to 191 persons not counting muleskinners, people attached to expedition like merchants, farmers who are not being paid by de Anza who is supplying them with food only, also three families whose husbands are attached to presidio of Monterrey. Anza expedition starts from Tubac on October 20, Ten months after viceroy issued orders which Anza argues is best time due to rains which will provide water and better pasture for animals. Attached are letters from fray Garces who is reluctant to go with expedition wanting instead to establish missions in upper Colorado and Gila rivers, viceroy issues him orders to join expedition under de Anza which he agrees with reluctance requesting his own special assistants and his own transportation. (A. Dell'acqua January 1988)

Letter to viceroy requesting licence to visit court and explain issues about mission protection and ways of bringing Christian religion to Apaches as fray Guadalupe feels moment to christianize Apaches is at hand as they are being attacked by Comanches. Fray Guadalupe feels that after Apaches are reduced by means of religion the Comanches would also accept doctrine which would pave way to explore northern territories. Marquez de Altamira advises viceroy about difficulty to do so as there are not enough soldiers in presidios to escort missionaries in this mission. Viceroy follows advise of Altamira. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

All Seris except Chepillo and family flee Pitic on July 15, 1790. Chepillo imprisoned. Detachment sent to Cerro Prieto to find and reconcile ingrates, begin new reduccion. Since Seris aren't raiding, revealing location, troop can't find them. With Seris gone, Ugarte y Loyola cuts off supplies ordered by bishop of Sonora for Seri mission. Francisco, two envoys come to Pitic to negotiate better arrangement. Seris want independent nation, to trade fish, antelope with Spaniards for grain, to participate in christianity only when they want. No deal made, but Seris start appearing for mass at Banamichi. Mora named missionary there. Seris slowly trickle back to Pitic. Occasional brief references to plan for staging campaign against frontier Apaches. 450 men, including Opatas, Pimas reserved for fighting. (A. Dean, may 1989)

Echeagaray's campaign journal, including list of officers with him, how many from each presidio; Opata, Pima, Apache auxiliaries. Description of travels, skirmishes, mention of tren. Discusses what to do with widows of auxiliaries killed on campaign. Baptism of one female Indian. Meets fugitives apparently from ranch found abandoned. Reference to Zuni campaign of 1747. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Concerns fiscal matters of missions at Pitic, Bacoachi; religious paraphernalia, livestock being sent. Summary of affairs at Bacoachi, Apaches in reduccion, rations. Mention of campaign with Opata auxiliaries to capture Apaches, take them to Bacoachi. Lists of all Apaches in reduccion there. Brief summary of Ansa's campaign, number of Apaches, Tarahumares captured, killed. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Begins with indices added in 1885, 1792. Journal of ehceagaray's campaign with 17 Apache, Opata auxiliaries from Bacoachi; lists total Apaches killed, captured. Speaks of usefulness of loyal spies. Need to reward well Apache auxiliaries who must fight against their relatives. Suggests giving annual wage, rank of Alferez. Promotions to be given to Ugarte, Tapia, Grijalva. Letters trying to clear wages for promotions with treasury. Intendente of Sonora has bought meat for rations for Apaches in reduccion, mention of other foods, treasury upset at cost. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Orders and documents from Castilla y Theran regarding various Coahuila matters including his own merits and Indian relations. Reason for Castilla y Theran's biography to be included not mentioned. Apparently when the king named marques de Zesma was named interim governor. Most of these documents deal with Indian matters. Mention is made on ff. 120 of a decision to wage a military campaign against indios enemigos who is was said were committing many inhumane cruelties in Chihuahua. Cuellar was to lead the campaign. Reference was made to an Indian attack on some Vaqueros at San Pablo ranch; after they had corralled some 400 horses, they were set upon by some 50 Indians. Two vauqeros and an Indian were killed. A few other such confrontations are mentioned. (S. Langmack, July 1990)

Concerns the acquisitioning of mules for use in campaign by Ugalde; authorizing Nava to use funds in San Luis Potosi to cover costs associated with transporting of supplies to Ugalde for campaign. (O. Velez, October 1989)

Letter telling Nava of right to spend surplus of gratification account on business of peace and war, order to deposit sum into account in Monclova; Cortes hands over documents to Echegaray concerning funds 6.000 pesos dedicated to peace and war in 1789; governor of Coahuila sends documents concerning the account of peace and war for the year 1789 to the intendente of San Luis Potosi; conde de Revilla Gigedo urging payment of accounts relating to the 1789 peace and war account in Coahuila; in order to close account for 1789 real tribunal de la contaduria mayor needs the original expediente number given for the disbursement of these sums, end of quaderno 1 dealing with 6.000 pesos assignment to Coahuila for costs of maintaining peace. (O. Velez, October 1989)

Letter in which the conde de Revilla Gigedo urges expediency in the matter of the 6.000 pesos to be given to Ugalde for Indian pacification; correspondence from the real tribunal de Cuentas concerning the proper method of accounting for the payments of salaries to Cortes and others (as described in detail in ff. 0134-0140) in light of the surplus from the 6.000 peso account for gratificaciones mentioned earlier in this volume; letter ordering ministros de real hacienda in Coahuila to stop crediting the 6.000 sum until documents pertaining to 1789 account are submitted to intendente at San Luis Potosi; letter which mentions that the Indian groups for whom the gratification was for, have openly declared war against Spanish, thus sum in question will be diverted from gratification in Coahuila to compania presidial de Monclova; letter expressing same message to Ugarte y Loyola. (O. Velez, October 1989)