Indians (Relations)

Correspondence includes letters concerning: 'visitas' to various towns, amount of 'alcavala' collected and from whom, that agricultural towns excused since little currency available; strategies of how to stabilize relations with Indians and facilitate 'reduccion' near missions and towns, specific discussion of 'reduccion' of Xanambres in Llera, also how to isolate 'bravos' in sierra; need at new missions for more 'ornamentos' and 'vasos sagrados' in order to continue 'reduccion'; mariscal de campo criticism of system of 'reduccion' and conversion, finding it inadequate method of controlling Indians (folio 467); details of escape by 'capitan reformado', mention that his 'concubina' questioned; issues discussed at junta between officials of 'batallon de Tampico y Panuco' as recounted by Alarcon; Indian who converted but continued to rob and murder; military finances and salaries, including 'promptuarios de oficiales y soldados' of squadrons stationed in Nuevo Santander, listing salaries, wages 'vencido,' 'recivido,' and 'refulta.' (L. Kerr, October 1988)

Letters to governor confirming receipt of military revistas and Cuentas; correspondence informing of conflicts between Indians, military, some detailing interaction; townspeople involved identified, discussion of providing civilians with arms, suggestion that compania volante remain in town to defend against Indians; 3 copies of governor's service record per Superior Orden of viceroy. (L. Kerr, September 1988)

Various correspondence concerning conflicts with Indians, Comanches and others, pursuit of raiding groups, reduction of number near missions; also, letters regarding homicide. (L. Kerr, sept.

Claiming that recent raids follow Lipan style, Pacheco takes interpreter Hernandez, soldiers to query Picax-Ande. Picax-Ande offers justification for acts. Interesting letters between Ugalde and Picax-Ande, uneasy friends, each trying to See how far he can trust other, how far their friendship can beneficially influence actions of their people. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Letter from Ugalde to Flores discussing treaty signed by Picax-Ande (representing Lipiyanes, Lipanes, Mezcaleros, Sendes, Rit-Agendes, Cachu-Endes) on July 10, 1787 at Rio Puerco. Much of this letter is copied out of an earlier letter (Vol. 111 F.205 -- See entry 111-00009). Discussing relations with those bands since. F.562 mentions trade with Yutas. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Letters describing, comparing relations with Mezcaleros (at Rio Savinas) and Lipanes, Lipiyanes. Discusses rash of horse thefts, speculates culprits. F.546 mentions sending Indian prisoners to Havana or Marianas. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Transcribed letters by Ugalde; one response from Florez included. First several pages are military geneology of Ugalde, followed by his service record. Relates his own dealings with Indians; gives general history of pacification of Provincias Internas, overview of present situation, ideas for changes still needed. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Letters from Ugalde to Florez trying to differentiate between well-meaning and hostile Indians, sort out alliances. F.261 mentions Mescaleros, Sendes, Nit-Ajendes, Cachuendes, Lipanes all united under Lipiyan capitan Picax-Ande; Allied to fight Comanches. Despite consistent raids by Indians, Ugalde wants to avoid another war, to wait until he knows culprit. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Ff.236-241 concern allocation of funds to Coahuila troops. Following documents concern Apache attacks, for which Picax- Ande is held accountable. F.242 interpreter, soldiers sent to Picax-Ande to solicit confession. Later letters by Martinez Pacheco further Argue against Apaches. Ff.244-245, 255-256 are letters from Picax-Ande to Ugalde justifying action of his men, pleading innocence. Interesting that Picax-Ande refers to Ugalde as his Father, with veneration. (A. Dean, April 1990)