Indians (Reduccion)

Concerns information given to virrey about Provincias Internas and advice from seventeen years experience. Contains results of military operations since took control and accomplishments in areas where Apaches have resumed hostilities. Describes area of most active Indian conflict. Hopes Sonora will have success in pacifying Indians to be like peaceful Texas and Nueva Mexico. says have been some reductions in Coahuila and many deaths and captures in Sonora and Nueva Viscaya. says captured Indian children should be raised as christians. Should be baptised and placed with Spanish families who will care for and educate them. Adult should be sent to Guadalajara. Accompanying relacion includes numbers of Apaches killed and captured and notes on military campaigns and explanations of data. States which Indians have established peace. says there's a constant need to maintain troops and horses. says numbers down during times of heavy rain. Numbers down in Nueva Viscaya due to extensive frontier and mountainous region in which Indians hide. (M. Dannemiller, April 1988)

Relates history of provincias since 1752. As independent capitania general, Croix given same authority as commander in other areas and additional ones as needed to carry out special assignments. After Croix's promotion Neve assumes position. Rengel promoted at Neve's death. Concerns instructions for provincia by Galvez in 216 articles. Galvez ordered reinstatement of troop inspection and gave instructions for behavior towards Indians in war and peace. His instructions for military campaigns still being followed although campaigns decreased due to insufficient troops. says commanders must follow instructions exactly and have proof of military achievements due to exaggerations by some. Victories will force Indians to surrender as they have in Texas and Nueva Mexico. Wars in progress and troops relocated to Nueva Viscaya where most needed. Relates problem with Ugalde who disobeyed orders for attacks on and taking of Indians. Ugalde was reprimanded but awarded military control of half of provincias. Contains correspondence from virrey relating advantages of division. Ugarte says division is unneccessary, possibly harmful. Recommends relieving Ugalde and reinstating original comandancia general. Relates event in which 3,000 reducciones allowed to move into mountains due to insufficient supplies with promise of safety. Ugalde was informed of their status and ordered not to threaten. Ugalde attacked causing general unrest for his deceit. Ugalde later forced to make restitutions and return prisoners and property. Relates several accusations made about Ugalde. says despite evil nature, given title of brigadier. says Flores ordered division because he's new to area and unaware of its status. says Ugalde sent virrey fabricated information about campaigns which conflicted with his own. Due to information, Flores sent all Mescaleros to Savinas which only caused them to become hostile. Increased theft and murder in the area proves this. says he won't be able regain trust of betrayed Indians. Asks that king use his power to restore stability to area. Accompanied by long, detailed index of extracts of all documents cited in the report. (M. Dannemiller, April 1988)

Two lists of Apaches de Paz at Bacoachi. One gives the name of the Head of the household with the age, sex and relation of others in the family and then totals for men, women, boys and girls. 126 Apaches de Paz at Bacoachi. The 2nd list shows mortality among the Apaches de Paz since December 3, 1786. Again names, and age and sex breakdown are given but in addition the deaths are divided into categories of violent and natural. There were 41 deaths in the 2 year period. Excellent document for demography and names of individual Indians. (T. Naylor) (1977) and (D. Marksz, June 1 1987)

Salient details from Echeagaray's expedition diary. Discussion of Indian officer's salaries, and utility of Indians in war against unpacified Indians. Relates number of Indian deaths since reduccion in this area. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Diary detailing establishment of peace with pixac-ande de Ugalde, Lipiyan capitan. Lots of information on social organization, celebrations, etc. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Documents relating to peace with Mescaleros, and continuing war with Indians in Nueva Vizcaya. Includes list of questions to be asked of Soldados in an attempt to verify level of fidelity and honor among Mescalero who are living in peace with Spanish. (D. Marksz, June, 1987)

Informe about state of four branches: justicia, policia, hacienda, y guerra in the provincias under control of Ugarte y Loyola. Good description of geographical distribution and interrelationships of Indian groups. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Since Rengel found it impossible for Indians to be forced to live in pueblos, it was agreed they be permitted to establish rancherias in Sierras near presidios. In order to maintain control, Indians who had made peace would be issued licenses, and those caught without one could be captured or killed. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Documents referring to contraband, murder, sexual crimes, desertions of military personnel, illicit drinks, civil and military appointments within Provincias Internas. By order of king a judge named to deal with illicit drinks. List of Seri families requesting peace. Unification of Seri rebel capitan with Apaches to wage war against Seris who surrendered and thru conquest of other smaller Indian groups to attack Spaniards. Invention of armor by teniente Bertucat and request to king to have licence to construct such armor. Autos against Capitancillo norteno Ramirez. Rebel Taraname Jose Luis sent to Havana's prison to avoid more rebellions in Texas. Civil suit by inhabitants of Villa Nombre de Dios to keep such village under jurisdiction of viceroy instead of Provincias Internas. Inspection and advise on compania de Milicianos from Texas by Anza. Wedding of capitan Fages. (A. Dell'acqua, April 1988)

Documents relating to military campaigns against rebel groups in Sonora. Details of surrender of Sibubapas and Piatos after heavy attacks of Spanish troops with aid of friendly Hiaquis. Details of visit by visitador general Galves. (A. Dell'acqua, October 1987)