Geography

Congratulatory letter to viceroy Galvez by gandorilla giving him an ethnographic and historical explanation of provinces of Sonora and Hostimuri including plans for better management of Indians, lands, cattle, grains and transportation routes. (A. Dell'acqua, December 1987)

Documents pertaining to naming of engineers and instructions on how to achieve goals of expeditions to Nueva Vizcaya and Sonora. Planning and settlement of port of Guaymas and Rio Yaqui as Principal areas for commerce and trade. Conquest thru war and pacification of Seris and Pimas Altos; detailed ethnography. After achieving these goals expedition to resume exploration up Rio Gila establishing town on banks preferably near Colorado River to serve as capital of Gila province; study natural resources in detail; find mines and other natural riches to attract settlers; wage war against Apaches to secure lands and make possible fluvial navigation. Area should serve as protection to other settlements to east and south of province. Letters about arrival of visitador general Galvez to Sonora on his way to California. (A. Dell'acqua, November 1987)

Correspondence between Cancio and virrey giving general account of conditions in Sonora, description of geography, resources, status of Indian relations and commerce. (A. Dell'acqua, February 1988)

Pineda informs Croix of various Indian attacks. Apaches killed Pimas near Sonoita, and Pimas have been encouraged to seek revenge. Seris take horses from Tubutama. Apaches kill 1 man in Fronteras, take cattle and horses from cucheta and Cuquiarachi. Elizondo, Urrea, and Cancio kill 3 female Indians and some children, and recover horses. Letter of June 17, Pineda informs that according to female prisioner, Seris, Sibubapas, and Pimas met in Cerro Prieto to discuss arrival of soldiers in Guaymas. They wanted to return to towns and be pardoned, but they were advised no pardon will be given due to many crimes committed. They decided to steal cattle and horses, and wait for soldiers in Cerro Prieto. Apaches kill 4 people and 2 horses from Santa Ana. Apaches attack Opodepe, Fronteras, Terrenate and Saracachi killing several people. Anza raids Apache rancherias near Tubac, releasing Spaniard captive who stated 700 Indians were in Cerro Prieto waiting for soldiers. Pineda transfers most of troop from Guaymas to Pitic for its better location to combat Indians. Urrea attacks Seri Rancheria killing 18, capturing 16. Apaches take cattle and horses from Oposura, Cumuripa, Cucurpe, Tuape. 200 Apaches raid Terrenate killing 1 soldier and taking all horses. Sibubapas kill people in Tecoripa, Trinidad, Llano Colorado. Apaches take horses and kill soldiers from Xavier del Bac. June 18 Pineda informs soldiers that viceroy ordered soldiers salaries paid in money, but that situados devengado must be payed first. (J. Tapia, July, 1987).

Pineda informs Croix of Indian raids. Preparation to attack Indians in Nopalera. Anza kills female Sibubapa, takes male captive, recovers 80 horses, and reports small quantity of water in Nopalera. Sibubapas attack Yecora, killing 5 including one Spaniard. A Spaniard, Leron, accompanied group of drunken Indians. Indians raid Ostimuri; Rio Chico soldiers kill 5 of them, Taraumaras kill 3 more. Apaches take 90 horses from Visani. Altar soldiers kill 1 Seri, send 7 captives to Pitic. More than 100 Indians take 202 horses from Pitic. Friendly Pimas urged to fight Apaches; 27 Apaches are killed. Oliba and 60 soldiers patrol Cerro Prieto. Enemy Indians move away from Nopalera looking for water and cactus fruits. Urrea, Cancio and Elizondo ordered to strike rebel Indians from 3 different places. Indians steal horses from Guaymas. Fronteras' soldiers attack Indian in Cara Pintada, recovering 43 horses. Apaches attack soldiers in Saracachi, killing 1 black person, and take horses. Pineda informs Croix of priest's arrival from Querataro; he will provide horses and food. pertrechos de guerra and soldiers arrive at Guaymas. Pineda informs Croix of need for food, clothes, arms, and salaries for himself and soldiers. Merchants in Mexico refuse to send things unless they receive partial payment. (J. Tapia, July, 1987).

Series of documents re: Indian attacks: Seris killed seven people in Bacanora and Ostimuri, stole horses; Apaches stole cattle and horses in Santa Ana and San Ignacio; soldiers from Tubac attacked Apaches recovering some animals; exchange of prisoners with Apaches in Fronteras; Apaches killed one person and stole horses in Nacori and Ures; Apaches killed 4 people in Santa Catalina, relatives of murdered chase Apaches killing 10; Indians killed and took captives in Nuri, Guadalupe, and Potrerillos; Bergosa with 100 soldiers and 30 friendly Indians patrol Sierra de Pilares y Bacatete with orders to kill enemy Indians; Sibupapas steal horses in Tecoripa; Apaches killed 2 people in Saracachi. Croix urges Pineda to exterminate enemy Indians. Pineda informs Croix of survey of Guaymas, arrival place of troops. Pineda orders construction of storage houses to store food for incoming soldiers, and leaves soldiers to protect workers who fear Indian attack. Pineda informs Croix of need for money to pay soldiers of his provincia, and states that 12,000 pesos received is not enough, requests silver to buy cattle, soap, etc. Pineda informs Croix that friars are in Matape waiting for others in order to be shipped out of Guaymas according to royal decree. Pineda sends Croix list of officials in his presidios. (J. Tapia, June, 1987).

Pineda informs viceroy that Pima Indians murdered several men, women and children in Orcasitas, Ostimuri, and Onnapa. Soldiers have failed to control them, and Esparza believes some Indians may be residents of pacified towns. Pineda believes cannons may not help against Indians in this terrain, and that foot soldiers likewise may not be helpful. (J. Tapia, June, 1987).

Documents deal with Indian attacks on presidios. Letter from Croix to Pineda outlining number of soldiers required from Mexico; requesting information on number of soldiers at presidios and number of friendly Indians who will participate against enemy Indians. Pineda informs Croix that Indians attacked oimurhi, took 50 horses, and in Cocoraqui took a woman; also informs that Salgado has spoken to some Indians about not joining unrestful ones; also mentions that previous letter was lost in Tequila. Croix orders Pineda to assign new captain to Terrenate, and discusses soldiers salaries. Pineda informs Croix that some Indians came to Belen requesting release of relatives, but refuses as this is only way of controlling them. Croix tells Pineda to be aware of small number of soldiers protecting fronteras. Pineda discusses necessity to form emergency companias volantes and money to finance it. 200 Seris and Pimas attacked Caborca, took horses, one child; soldiers from Altar unable to capture them. Pineda informs Croix of Indian raids near San Antonio and San Miguel, and creation of one compania provincial of 50 soldiers in San Joseph; Ansa, with 65 soldiers, attacked 400 Seris and Pimas in la Nopalera, recovered 77 horses and suffered no casualties. Croix laments human losses in Sonora, urges Pineda to pacify region. Pineda informs Croix of topographic characteristics of Cerro Prieto, and how lack of water often limits his campaigns against enemy Indians. (J. Tapia, June, 1987).

Cover sheet announcing discovery of placer at San Bruno. Discussion of Indian depredations throughout Provincias Internas and establishment of peace; discussion of discovery of placer at San Bruno; cattle production; general discussion of taxes and government. (Ww. Copas, June 1987)

Concerns forwarding of information on Indian raids by various officials of Nueva Vizcaya. (J. Williams, March 1987)