Punishments (Exile)

Correspondence concerning disposition Indian prisoners of prisoners; Indian prisoners in Mexico, Nuevo Santander to be transferred to Vera Cruz; details transfer Apaches Mexico to Vera Cruz; instructions to gobernador Havana re precautions against escape; allocation of female prisoners to households Vera Cruz, Havana. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Several years correspondence dealing with treatment of Apache, mayhem perpetrated by escapees; strategies to deter escape; mistreatment of captives re causes of escape-desertion and accountability; funds for sustaining Indian captives; problems encountered with captives in various localities; plans for relocation of Nuevo Santander Apaches to Habana and Vera Cruz separating men, women, children; use of Indian prisoner labor in tobacco harvests. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Concerns movement and 'manutencion' of 'collera' of Meco Indians sent from Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi. Sargento and Cabo ordered to lead group of 51 Mecos, men and women, then return to company. Potosi Alcalde mayor requests informaton on whence funding for 'manutencion' to come; many and various fiscales sign 'consulta'; particular branch of real hacienda to bear expenses. (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Includes expedientes 2,3 and 4, 'consultas' of gobernador of Nuevo Santander regarding various issues. Numero 2 concerns request by gobernador for assistance in moving group of prisoners to Mexico City. In 3 individuals who received land through 'repartimiento' have sold it to others, and failed to inform government of change in ownership, causing confusion. In 3, several members of company which has seen constant battle request retirement with 'sueldo de invalido,' request denied. (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Documents concern murder of Casimiro de Ibarra by his Brother Juan. Both had been drinking pulque and a fight ensued. And Casimiro is killed by his Brother. Rest of documents interview witnesses about what happened. Casimiro's widow and Father are interviewed and Owner of shack where they had been eating tamales and drinking pulque. Father's biography given. His military record and his long service in pacification of the new colony. Other witnesses are friends of the Ibarra family who also tell of the family background. Defendant's confession is taken. His goods confiscated. Many documents dont concern the case , but rather slow process of the proceedings. Witnesses are found after too long a period of time. They are questioned improperly and procedure is said to have been ignored in the judicial process of this murder case. After these documents, case is resumed and Juan de Ibarra is finally sentenced to eight years in the fronteirs of Veracruz. Virrey changes sentence due to defendant's long detainment due to the slowness of trial. Sentence is four years of presidio in work of fortifying the Plaza of la Habana. Transfer of prisoner is described. He is deemed exiled from Palmillas and all territory of the colony for life. (P. Lenz, September 1989)

Documents concern the transporting of the prisoners Perales and Gonzalez Silvestre. Lopez Portillo pays cost of transportation. Other document suspends Lopez Portillo because of his over-zealousness in condemning the prisoners to death. Lopez Portillo defends his actions as necessary to deter further crimes. Asesor general cannot help his case but sends it to Mexico. In no document is the nature of the crimes of the prisoners given. (P. Lenz, September 1989)

Documents concern the transference of a group of Meco Indians from San Luis Potosi to Mexico under the commission of Pasqual de Burgoa. Request for a doctor to attend a gravely ill Indian. Payment of expenses incurred in transportation of Indians, in the salaries paid soldiers accompanying them, and of expenses in feeding the Indians during journey. Also given are a few baptisms along the way. Especially important are a group of lists concerning the Indians and the payment of the soldiers. Folios 171-173 contains an extensive list of the salaries paid soldiers and Cavos. folio 174 contains a list of expenses in transporting and feeding of the Indians. Folios 176-177 gives a list of Indian groups and the men and women who comprise the separate groups. (P. Lenz, September 1989)

Letters describing, comparing relations with Mezcaleros (at Rio Savinas) and Lipanes, Lipiyanes. Discusses rash of horse thefts, speculates culprits. F.546 mentions sending Indian prisoners to Havana or Marianas. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Documents relating to edicts issued in previous administrations for which Loyola sends copies to viceroy mostly regarding licenses and marital relations of military officers also, court Martial of lieutenant Villalobos regarding fraud to crown for stealing horses in concordance with two other soldiers who were sentenced to hard labor, Villalobos was fired from his job as punishment. Chain gang of Apaches to Mexico. (A. Dell'acqua, may, 1988)

Documents relating to military appointments, retirements, indulto of a deserter by king, movement of Apache prisoners to Mexico, bibliography of documents and religious administration of missions in California. (A. Dell'acqua, April 1988)