Indians (Mistreatment)

F.220 reports deaths of 5 Apaches on chaingang. F.222 lists ages, gender of those transported. F.223 begins letter in rabid prose by Ugalde, listing tribes now ensconced in christianity as example; repeated acts of idolatry (dances) by Apaches endanger everyone, should be stamped out (no pun intended). Seems to suggest they be converted by force, not choice. F.225 vows to chastise most execrable Lipanes. F.229 apparently suggests that Comanches be given firepower to eliminate Apaches. F.232 complains of hypocrisy of reports given to him. Letter is puzzling considering Ugalde's earlier anthropological attitude toward Apaches. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Documents concerning peace treaties with Lipiyanes, Mescaleros. Ff.163-165 deal with award of title capitan grande to Picax-Ande, calling him natural prince, giving him and his captains credit for subordination of Apaches. F.165 Apaches believe he is oracle through whose mouth gods speak. F.166 ratification of his peace treaty. F.167 peace to be maintained by 8 Mescalero captains. F.168 describes teaching table manners to Indian captains. F.173 Ugalde complains of missionaries' despotism, needless mistreatment of Indians in reduccion. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Correspondence concerning: statements summarizing testimony on various subjects; re-establishment of mission; problems created when pacified Indians subjected to 'revistas', order passed halting 'revistas' due to violence engendered, otherwise smooth progression of pacification and reduction in province; state of Indians at missions, poor relations between neighboring Indian groups due to death of one chief, request for military assistance in order to secure peace; collection of taxes from various individuals; edict that soldiers enter churches with 'cabello suelto'; 'indice de cartas', with brief summary of topics discussed in expediente; lack of 'papel sellado'; establishment of 'pueblos' and need for military protection; desertion by soldiers in Coahuila; examination of 'cuadernos de autos' in order to determine reasons for 'excesos' committed by squadron at hacienda; military assistance need in Coahuila and Texas to defend against Apaches; discovery of mine, its effect upon growth of economy in area; discussion of metals, silver found in other mines, quality and quantity. (L. Kerr, November 1988)

Letters from Lorca y Villera, 1774, Nuevo Reino de Leon. Postal service in Nuevo Leon, death of Indian prisoners, death of Indians on hacienda (de Patos y Villa de Parras), need for military equipment (rifles, gunpowder) for defense of province. Letters discuss attack by Indians on July 25, 1773 and attack on Indians by Spaniards in Valle de Pesqueria Grande, of August 16, 1774. Informe from conde de Sierra Gorda concerning new mission in Valle Viejo. Letter giving permission for marriage of Soldados Voluntarios to christianized Indian women. Marriages to take place in missions of San Carlos and San Antonio. (j.acheson, November 1988)

Letters from Lorca y Villera in April, 1774. Concerns list of military employees, detailed description of their military service and tables listing number of military administrators; teniente, Coronel, and governadores with the number of years worked in position. Second set of letters concerns remission of eight Indians and discusses problems with their travel. Indians became sick and one died thus made impossible to send them to new location. Documents from Monterrey and concern affairs of Nuevo Leon. (J. Acheson, nov, 1988)

Documents concerning naming of new governor of Nuevo Leon after previous governor removed for disloyalty. includes letter by Froylan de Mier arguing that attempts at self government by local Alcaldes during interim have failed. Froylan de Mier makes undetailed references to deteriorating economic conditions in Nuevo Leon and mismanagement of Indian communities. Villamil is chosen after much discussion between virrey and ministros de Caxa de San Luis Potosi over salary of new governor and amount of his remittance for having been appointed (A. Tukey, November 1988)

(D. Marksz, July 1987).

(D. Marksz, July 1987).

(D. Marksz, July 1987)

Correspondence concerning complaints by Cuellar of disobedience of Alcalde mayor of Batopilas regarding appointment of Indian governors and generals; also about abuses committed by Jesuits against Indians, taking their land and cattle (letters by Cadaval and Nicolas confirming this point). Cuellar petitions to leave his office after conclusion of war due to civil and religious corruption in Nueva Vizcaya. Mention of importance of distributing cattle among mew inhabitants of frontiers, also mention of importance of buffer zones in war against enemies. (M. Vasquez, June 1988)