Haciendas

Congratulatory letter to viceroy Galvez by gandorilla giving him an ethnographic and historical explanation of provinces of Sonora and Hostimuri including plans for better management of Indians, lands, cattle, grains and transportation routes. (A. Dell'acqua, December 1987)

Appointment of various civil officials, Arayza as accountant of Diezmos in Durango; general administrator of tobacco sales. Innocence of Velazco as administrator of renta de polvora. Letters from conde del Valle del Suchil acknowledging receipt of news of issuance of title by king; thanking viceroy for interdiction. (A. Dell'acqua, December 1987)

Viceroy Croix orders civilian authorities of area to end disputes over water rights. Documents and dispositions go back and forth as ranches belong to two different municipalities. Owner of ranch claims cattle drink water from his ojo de agua which is reserved for his sheep; believed that if cattle drinks from same water sheep will die. (A. Dell'acqua, December 1987)

Documents relating to orders given by viceroy to capitan Peiran to command troops under Elizondo in March from Mexico to Tepique for expedition to Sonora; itinerary of March; problems with discipline and supplies for personnel en route. (A. Dell'acqua, November 1987)

Concerns assignment of regular dragoons to province; notes include details on; secret Tarahumara-Apache alliance; march of detachments of dragoons from Mexico City to Nueva Vizcaya to serve in frontier defense; logistical needs of dragoons; their provision with fresh mounts through purchases from frontier haciendas; steps taken to satisfy their need for beds, lighting and firewood; their diversion from O'Conor's expedition being staged in Chihuahua city, to Valle de San Bartholome; and transfer of criminals to viceregal capital. (J. Williams, March 1987)

Documents between Queipo de Llano, Peramas, and virrey(?) Concern violence of Apaches and Taraumares in 1773; resulting instability of frontier; and concern of officials to stop violence through arrest and extraction of confession. Queipo de Llano reports large number of thieves in prisons. Noting poor security, he stations military men at prison to improve security. Emphasizes importance of exacting confessions by giving counts of confessors at various points in document. Recounts Apache hostilities including murders, abductions, livestock thefts, wasteful animal killings, and corpse mutilation by stripping and overshooting with arrows. Reports Taraumara hatred of Spanish--supports statement by citing Taraumara holdups, thefts, threats of massacre. Substantial information on Apache/Taraumara relations including intertribal trading, joint anti-Spanish plotting, settlement patterns. Latter part of document is testimonial recounting details of arrest and confession of Taraumara Luna and itemizes Luna's various crimes. Decision made to pacify Indians; make as many arrests and exact as many confessions as possible; solicit and follow Oconor's opinion on handling of Indian criminals. (S. Gibbs, January 1988)

Series of documents relating Indian depredations. Detailed description of mutilation of Spaniard's corpses by Indians including genital mutilation, stripping, gutting and stuffing with beans, excessive lancing, and Head smashing. Reports Indian theft, killing of animals and burnings. Mentions corn as dietary staple; hunger, economic hardship caused by slack trade from Indian threat. Mentions Indians' wasteful killing of animals, closing of mines, village desertion. Cites bravery of woman who shot Indians in self-defense. Reports illness of Galvez and Galvez' intent to return to field after sick leave. (S. Gibbs, November 1987)

Fayni relates Indian hostilities near Chiguagua; announces intention to make personal visit to assess damage, propose solutions. Mentions increase in number of men necessary for defense against Indians. Relates Indian murders at presidio Tanos; theft of mules/horses from mining group; use of Nortenas of junta subalterna to expatriate Jesuits; 2) deplorable state of missions, intent to improve missions by recapturing escaped Indians; 3) Velazquez' attempt to establish jury from Indians/paisanos; 4) state of militia at San Juan Potosi and Guanajuato; 5) imprisonment of Tarumares who guided Apaches; 6) success of joint Opata-presidio campaign efforts. Acknowledges resignment of Martinez lorionado and Cruz. Acevedo de Elyzondo mentions wide rage of hostilities, scarcity of arms. Gomez de la Torre relates Indian depredations in Valle de San Buenaventura, cites topography as hindrance to punishment of Indians. Chronological account of mobilization of arms of hacienda Dolores in 1770 including delivery of mobilization instructions to vecinos; arms transfer from Dolores to San Phelipe el real de Chiguagua; participation of vecinos, Opatas and Nortenos under captain Galvez. Transcription of account of voting in Villa San Phelipe el real de Chiguagua over mining/ commerce disputes and military campaign. Each voter's rationale paraphrased. Virrey asserts Cuellar's military authority, mentions campaign funding through libranzas, orders termination of presidio Nuestra Senora de la Limpia Concepcion del Pasage. (S. Gibbs, November 1987)

Fayni reports affirmative result on Vote concerning ecclesiastic prebend. Virrey sends note about ecclesiastic courts for Fayni's inspection. Mentions sales tax on haciendas. (S. Gibbs, November 1987)

Virrey(?) Acknowledges receipt of Fayni's letter reporting Indian hostilities; mentions intent to use military force against Indians. Fayni mentions March of troops to Chiguagua; acknowledges receipt of Galvez' promotion to captain, praises Galvez' spirit. Suggests that Galvez gather force to attack Indian settlements. Recounts Galvez' attack on Indian settlement and Indians' subsequent retaliation. Notes practice of cutting off parts of enemies ears as threat. Mentions Galvez' encounter with armed group of muleteers and Pasajeros. Fayni reports Indian and Vecino hostilities, virrey(?) Responds by issuing autos authorizing punishment to deter future crimes; naming Galvez for job. Fayni mentions Opata-Apache war; reports disrepair of firearms; mentions request of Indian Espinosa to fight against Indians; acknowledges receipt of orders concerning Cuellar's prison and Velazquez' commission. Relocation in Spain. (S. Gibbs, October 1987)