Captives (Of Spaniards)

Concerns Indian raid on Rio de San Marcos by Lipanes after they had sent emissaries to speak with military; letter which mentions some intertribal hostilities between Lipanes and Tarcahues; information on marriage custom in which male Lipanes married female Vidais and Orcoquizacs and male Orcoquizacs marrying female Lipanas; Munoz suggests that gift promised the Lipanes be given them in order to engender trust; letter to Munoz advising him to be aware of the danger inherent in allowing Lipanes to form alliances with Indians of north; mention of a possible negotiation with Lipanes for which Ugalde is instructed to bring any captives he holds to San Antonio realizing that that this is not possible for two days because there is a war being fought by Vidays, Orcoquizacs, Atacapas, and Cocos against Tarcahues; accusation that Comanches may have been aided by soldiers in attacking Mescaleros- disputed by military, possibly Indians using uniforms of Spanish killed in earlier battles; goods given over to Comanche leader - horses, mirrors, tobacco, Vermillion. (O. Velez, August 1989)

Concerns Ugarte's campaign to Coahuila. Concerns relations with several tribes there, requests for and conditions of peace agreements. Terms of agreement with Mescaleros in noret and Lipanes in Santa Rosa. Diaz goes to pacify Mescaleros and avoid hostile retribution for Mescaleros killed in prison. says must force two groups of Lipanes in south and north to request peace. Contains letter from Diaz describing peace request from Lipan messenger. Ugarte assigned to Guadalajara. Nava to take his place. Ugarte passes needed info to Nava. States general conditions at time of his departure. Good info regarding Indian relations. Progress with Comanches resulted in peace agreement. Virrey states conditions for complete non-violent peace for Lipanes. says must report criminal activity. Must live in peace with Chiquicaquis in Sonora and Gilenos in Vizcaya. Ugarte says during his command 1,767 proven Indian deaths. says salary of 8,000 pesos not adequate. Asks virrey to recommend increase to king. (M. Dannemiller, February 1989)

Concerns planned campaign by Ugarte to Coahuila to determine true conditions and relations with Mescaleros, Lipanes and Gilenos in area. Provides locations of each tribe. Plans to meet with friendly Mescaleros and visit Lipan rancherias to remind them of previous friendship with Spanish. says Lipanes know him from days as governor and will respect his request to lay down arms. Ugarte plans to leave Diaz and Cordero in command during his absence. Virrey leave only one man in charge of each province because military should be responsible to only one leader. Includes letter by Sierra Gorda saying must offer reasonable conditions to Lipanes if requesting peace. Includes set of letters to Emparan giving him military advice. Collection of copies of letters sent to Ugarte describing present conditions of Mescaleros in Norte and Diaz' plans to unite nation when Ugalde's retreat is assured. Conditions reported by three governors. says Ugalde refused Lipan request for peace. Indians deny accusations of theft in Norte, saying soldiers could follow them to verify peaceful intentions. Describes results of Diaz' campaign with Mescaleros. Gilenos flee after attempts to contact. Mescaleros responsible for burning property and theft of cattle. Final report says Ugarte believed damages done by Gilenos until advised of theft of 1450 cows and murder of 22 soldiers by Mescaleros. Documents also discuss rumored death of several Indian capitans being held in Spanish prisons. (M. Dannemiller, February 1989)

Ugalde kills 2 Mescaleros, captures 66 that were under the pretense of peace. Brings in troops from other areas. Gives complete description of soldiers and assignments during ambush. All were to meet in Zaguan. White handkerchief to be sign sent Arendano to Rancheria to capture or murder anyone there. Long description of speech he made. Capture of Indians and number of heads brought of Indians who hadn't attended. Suggests promotions for officials involved. Assisted by Gutierrez who knew language and customs because he had been kidnapped for 6 years. Ugalde expected Picax-Ande to direct campaign in search of enemy but due to scheduled Lipan buffalo slaughter, Picax-Ande will be delayed 2 months. He promises to capture or kill all Mescaleros in area. Mescalero captain sends messenger with request for peace, to which Ugalde responds that he is willing to negotiate new agreement but demands such as arms training are not sensible. Contains and residents. After hours of discussion and an expedition in area, Ugalde learns from Picax-Ande that Mescaleros did not actually expect peace and had plotted revenge that resulted in several raids that included murder and theft of horses. Ugalde demands an explanation from guifie-gurya which is given in detail. Quifie-Gusya says he will return with all who had accepted peace to be placed in location selected by Ugalde. Most arrive a week later, Yacolk-su choosing to take command of nearby Apache tribe. Ugalde sends Gutierrez to Rancheria to observe activities and informs him that Apaches are restless, well armed and surely planning to murder Ugalde. Captains in town repeatedly offer to take him to See rancherias finally with all present. He offers peace, says all must attend and sends detachment to watch Rancheria. Includes list of Indians murdered and captured by sex and tribe. Virrey approves of action and recommends his promotion to brigadier to king. (M. Dannemiller, December 1988)

Order to Loyola, Ugarte, intendientes of Arizpe, Durango, Potosi and real tribunal de cuentos that soldiers be reimbursed for arms, equipment and mounts lost in battle; 8 peso monthly pension to mothers, widows (Cardenas, Xaramillo) of soldiers killed in battle. Correspondence between Flores, Belaunzaran and Hernandez de Alva re transfer Indian women suffering from escorbuto (scurvy) from Casa de Recogidas to Hospital de naturales. Discusses number infected, measures taken to stem spread, costs. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Comandante general to assume command of western province. 4th compania volante to escort Rengel to Sonora where he will assume command from Anza. Subsequently Rengel receives virrey's permission to travel to Mexico due to deteriorating health and receive half salary Rate of a comandante inspector, later transferred to Spain. At end of September 1788 Echeagaray to lead 400 man 80 day expedition to Sierras del Rio San Francisco and Mogollon. Monthly campaigns against hostiles to continue. Discussion of funds to assemble, sustain pacified western Apaches at Bacuachi and Chiricaguis auxiliaries whose loyalty must be cultivated. Indian prisoners of war to be sent to Janos. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Continues description of Collera de Apaches begun in preceding sequence. Complete account of disposition of Apaches transported from Chihuahua and Pilar de Conchos to Mexico, record of baptisms, deaths, burials by place including names of citizens receiving sick Indians. Enderica's daily log of distances traveled, places stopped. Complete cost accounting of expenditures for mules, cattle, corn, other supplies with written receipts. Certification of Enderica's cost accounting and receipt for funds in excess of expenditures returned to Cajas Reales, Mexico from advance received for expenses. (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Account of manner in which Collera de Apaches is to be if attacked while in transit. Census of Apache prisoners and troops under Enderica's command. Discusses prisoners to be picked up enroute; Indian deaths in prison; educability of Apache children captured under age 7; restriction of future women hospitalized at San Juan de Dios; Apache dead by suicide, soldiers, illness or left with citizens due to illness (J. Higgins, March 1989)

Correspondence concerning disposition Indian prisoners of prisoners; Indian prisoners in Mexico, Nuevo Santander to be transferred to Vera Cruz; details transfer Apaches Mexico to Vera Cruz; instructions to gobernador Havana re precautions against escape; allocation of female prisoners to households Vera Cruz, Havana. (J. Higgins, March 1989)