Droughts

Begins with an outline of the two Principal problems facing Nueva Vizcaya- hostile Indian attacks and lack of food supplies due mainly to drouth. Governor promises steps to provide protection and officially names Saint Francis Xavier as the Patron of Nueva Vizcaya. Several miraculous cures attributed to him. Describes in considerable detail celebrations, processions ect. Which were organized in Francis Xaviers name- activities in which all sectors of society participated. (D. Deeds) (1977)

Review religious activity 23 pueblos, numerous rancherias administered by mission. States 14 priests working among some 25,000 christians. Gives number baptisms, marriages, examples miraculous cures for each Partido. In Partido of Ures, states River dried up, threatened bean crop until people promised offering to St. Julio and it rained. Notes success conversion pueblos Nacameri (Rayon), Nacosura, Toapa (Tuape), Cocaripe (Cucurpe), Saracatzi (Saracachi), rancherias of Himeris. (note ethnic difference settlement patterns-Opata pueblos, Himeris (Lower Pima) rancherias). States only one priest Partido Babiacora (Baviacora), Aconche (Aconchi), Llepaca (Huepac), Banamitz (Banamichi), zenoquippe (Sinoquipe). Mentions sadness people Baviacora, Aconchi departure priest. In Partido of Arispe (Arizpe), Chinapa, Bacobitzi, states that Indians who five years ago threatened priests now good christians. States people these three pueblos speak common language of Sonora (Opata), but notes presence group baptized Himeris in Bacobitzi, desire other members this numerous nation to be baptized. Mentions Pueblo Buchubacobitzi. Notes great need for missionaries Partido of Teuricatzi (Teuricachi), Batziner, Cuquiaratzi (Cuquiarachi), Cuchuticac (Cuchuta), Terara, because of prevalence polygamy, homo sexuality, including men who dress as women, sell themselves, do women's work. Notes that bordering this Partido are Sumas, divided into Sumas del Norte, and Sumas del oriente, who live near Bavispes. Describes them as fierce, states they attacked Jesuits, Spaniards at Teuricachi. Pursued unsuccessfully by Spaniards, friendly Indians. Finally group of them petitioned for peace, were consigned to Pueblo of Oppotu, near Huasabas, where many baptized, in 1651. Notes success conversion Indians Partido of vasdabas (Huasabas), Oppotu, San Miguel, Bacatedeuatzi (Bacadehuachi), Nacori, Tetasura. Describes desire Indians Partido of San Juan de batzinas, llasserac (Bacerac), Babispes (Bavispe) for missionization, frustrated because of lack of priests. States Valley fertile, irrigated, supporting 1500 souls, 420 vecinos (large number Spaniards frontier area). Describes actions Hechicero who called people to dances, drinking bouts, walked on burning branches without Pain, told people baptism cause of death when disease broke out, finally beheaded by Christian Indians. Notes successful progression conversion Indians Partido de Cumupas (Cumpas), Opposura (Oposura), Depatzi, real de minas (probably San Juan Bautista). (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Notes many deaths, continuing hunger, failure rivers, wells resulting in poor harvests. States people had to go to sea, mountains, Mescal fields (agave) to search for food, that many priests followed them to administer sacraments. Notes instances sorcery, witchcraft. Gives number baptisms, marriages. Rapid reversion to wild food sources, including agave, when crops fail. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Discusses rigorous drought 1739-40 responsible for poor pasturage, widespread food shortages, abandonment haciendas/ mines throughout Nueva Vizcaya. Notifies viceroy Anza's death at hands Apaches, campaign against Apaches launched by Carpio from Janos, resulting in 13 dead, 14 captured. Discusses Yaqui-Mayo-Pima Bajo rebellion Sinaloa; says relief from Nueva Vizcaya delayed because of food shortages, dry springs caused by drought. Describes efforts to organize relief expedition among vecinos, soldiers, Indians, including Nortenos, Sibolas, Tarahumaras. Notes rebellion, retirement to mountain rancherias 3 pueblos Tarahumaras Partido Papigochic because of disagreements with their missionary, attempts to quell unrest thru peaceful means because of fear rest of matters concerning supplies for relief expedition. (T. Sheridan) (1976)

Remarks on the establishment of presidios in N. Viscaya. The need for them, financing, manpower. Notes drought conditions (p. 284). (J. Grusin) (1976)

Viceroy's report, based on Kino's observations, on mission activity on the California islands. (J. Grusin) (1976)