Crimes (Punishment)

Virrey reports no new events; urges Mendinueta to judge jefe (Oconor ?) Justly. Mendinueta remits index and summary of letters to virrey by number. Letters concern failure of vecinos to apprehend offenders due to lack of horses; Mendinueta's ignorance of visits and lodgings of padres Dominquez and Velez; Mendinueta's report of new Indian hostilities. (S. Gibbs, September 1987)

(S. Gibbs, 1987)

(D. Marksz, July 1987).

Detailed description of various instances of Comanche raids, recovery of Mares, capture of Indians, and killings of Indians and Spaniards. (M. Vasquez, March 1988)

Montolla was captured by Apaches at about six years of age, and remained with them for sixteen years, until he and two others were captured by Spanish. Montolla is protesting life sentence at Castillo based on claim that he was raised by Indians and did not know that raiding was wrong. (D. Marksz, September 1987)

Vizcarra, accused of disloyalty, murder and other crimes held in jail at Durango. Sentenced by comandante general Ugarte to 10 years of hard labor in leg chains to be served at real obrage of Encinillas. Intendente of Durango, Diaz protests to virrey that actions by Ugarte involving military courts belonged to office of intendente, therefore accuses gobernador of insubordination and comandancia of incompetence. Requests from virrey copy of real cedula of 1785 defining duties. Interesting for conflict between officials over jurisdiction and responsibilities of intendency versus gobernador of Provincias Internas during period of implementation of administrative changes in New Spain. Documents include royal cedula outlining reorganization of Provincias Internas, responsibilities of gobernadores, intendentes and other officials toward office and king. Topics include taxes, administrative territories and interaction between civil and military departments, fiscal obligations, salaries, goals for defense and economy. Galvez' dictado provides information specific to conflict of responsibilities and personnel undergoing administrative changes in Provincias Internas in 1786. (J. M. Johnson, August 1987)

Discourse from Lumbreras, commander of presidio of Buenavista to viceroy Bucareli y Ursua concerning atrocities committed by Piatos and Pimas Bajos in Vicinity of aforementioned presidio. Atrocities include pervasive cattle and horse rustling, murder of Indians and a Spaniard, abduction of Indian woman. Lumbreras adds that he has no spare forces to battle unrest, and requests detachment of 20 or 30 soldiers be stationed at San Jose de Pimas to suppress Piman bellicosity and guard road to Cieneguilla. He also adds that lawless behavior manifested by Indian groups is result of semi-nomadic lifestyle. Included is letter to Lumbreras, forwarded to viceroy, from missionary at Tecoripa describing events which corroborates information given by Former. In responses to autos, viceroy suggests that Lumbreras commence further reduccion of barbarous Indians, using force if necessary; letter authorizing installation of Trespalacios as lieutenant of flying company of Buenavista upon retirement of Viarraga from position. (J. H. Ochs, July 1987)

Concerns debt owed to real hacienda by Gallego in Nueva California; sale of Mezcal in Santiago Papasquiaro and hopes to stop illegal sale; request for gun powder for provinces for year concerns when Garibay began receiving his salary for San Bernardino capitancy; order about punishment of soldiers not wearing uniforms. Marini's letter to Mayorga discussing his merits and trip from Havana and virrey's response asking Croix to be of service to Marini. Concerns pension for Martinez' wife and discussion of discounts and Martinez' salary; also concerns Munis' wife's pension and sending salary to Spain. Concerns shipment of canons to Santa Barbara and shipment of money and supplies to California presidios. Mentions importance of ships in providing aid to vast area. Concerns licencias of useless individuals in Faxes' company. Concerns quality of postal service and documents to be provided by administrator. (L. L. Woodward, June 1988)

Documents referring to contraband, murder, sexual crimes, desertions of military personnel, illicit drinks, civil and military appointments within Provincias Internas. By order of king a judge named to deal with illicit drinks. List of Seri families requesting peace. Unification of Seri rebel capitan with Apaches to wage war against Seris who surrendered and thru conquest of other smaller Indian groups to attack Spaniards. Invention of armor by teniente Bertucat and request to king to have licence to construct such armor. Autos against Capitancillo norteno Ramirez. Rebel Taraname Jose Luis sent to Havana's prison to avoid more rebellions in Texas. Civil suit by inhabitants of Villa Nombre de Dios to keep such village under jurisdiction of viceroy instead of Provincias Internas. Inspection and advise on compania de Milicianos from Texas by Anza. Wedding of capitan Fages. (A. Dell'acqua, April 1988)

Documents of correspondence between Croix, viceroy, and other officials regarding different issues of life within Provincias Internas of which the important documents refer to requests of provincial of Durango for payment of salaries to priests in presidios of Provincias Internas. Request for fine gunpowder for presidios in Sonora. Request by Bohorquez to clarification of his loss of employment after 32 years of service without cause. Arrival of guns to Veracruz and transportation of supplies to presidios in Californias. criminal causes against Dominguez for murder, autos against marquez, Aquino and maria Rita de fuente accused of highway robberies and being infieles and homicidas, two Indian women for murder and also, accussations of contraband in Nachitoches by a settler of area. Military process against three soldiers from Loreto for having raped two Young girls. Request of Montepio military for widows by Croix. Military promotions, transfers and deaths; taxes taken from military personnel for prevendas and mitras of the church in indias. Exclusions of persons who have debts to real hacienda in elections of Indians and disappearance of Father Cenizo on his way to serve in Altar presidio. (A. del' acqua, April 1988)