Social-Organization

Rubio's instructions concerning Gileno Apache peace proposals. Informs Munoz to proceed with steadiness, caution and to tell Apaches peace will be accepted only under following conditions- 1) Apaches surrender all prisoners; 2) return all stolen livestock; 3) break off communication with enemies of crown; 4) allow all future Apaches accused of stealing livestock or killing espanol, mestizo, Castizo o mulato to be punished by Spanish authorities. If such conditions met, peaceful Apaches will receive protection from enemies and missionaries, if they want them. If not, they will be left to vivir a su modo. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Rubio's detailed instructions for sustained campaign against various Apache groups. Nueva Vizcaya presidial forces divided into primera and segunda divisiones. Primera division commanded by capitan Peru, included Carrizal, Janos, San Eleceario, San Buenaventura presidios. Segunda division, led by capitan Martinez, consisted of Rio del Norte, San Carlos, Cerrogordo presidios. Each division to campaign against Apaches in their own territory on alternating months while rear guards, other division protected frontier. Pp.25- 28 (may 28, 1777) Rubio's reflections on nature of warfare, what makes a good soldier, vile character of Indian enemies, etc. Includes chart showing number of troops, men at arms at each presidio. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Describes Apache attack on Janos. Spanish pursuit, Apache suit for peace. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Documents concerning affairs of San Buenaventura presidio, including Apache hostilities in Vicinity of Chihuahua, Valle de San Bartholome, peace proposals from Apache groups in Sierras Escondida, Capulin, Corral de Piedra, desertion of 2 San Buenaventura soldiers, who left horseherd unguarded, stole 2 horses apiece. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Tapis informs Muniz more than 60 Apaches attacked Janos December 12, 1777. Attack was repulsed soldiers pursued Apaches to Canada de las Yeguas, where Apache capitanes (See 022) sued for peace. Tapia accepted peace, sent Apache emissary with cross to seek peace with other Apache groups in mountains (See 281). (T. Sheridan) (1977)

Copies of letters from Peru to Rubio concerning various presidial matters. Describes July campaign against Apaches in Sierra mibres and Sierra Florida, in which several rancherias were surprised and prisoners taken. Ears of dead Apaches taken as well. Some livestock, prisoners of Apaches recovered. Notes other forays into Apache territory. Mentions fatigue of his horses and troops. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

O'conor commends Peru on his securing 60 Opata workmen for fabrica material at Janos presidio. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

O'conor instructs Peru to insure 10 Opata auxiliaries rejoin his force, receive proper salaries. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

O'conor orders Peru to send to Chihuahua immediately Young Apache girl who sought refuge in Janos presidio because she feared her companions meant to kill her. (T. Sheridan) (1977)

O'conor notes that Peru has informed him various Apache capitanes proposing peace with presidios of Janos, Buenaventura in order to facilitate their Mescal harvest, live securely in one area while they raid others. (T. Sheridan) (1977)