Indians (Intertribal Relations)

Series of documents dealing with Indian and military Lipanes; peace treaty between Spaniards and Lipanes de Arriba (points of the treaty are included); campaigns against Lipanes de Abajo; capture of Indians who are giving up their weapons and surrender in the presidios; Indian women are taken prisoners; trade of weapons between Indian groups; alliance of Spaniards with subdued Indians; unconditional surrender of Indians who later are used in mission's agriculture; permits and passports given to Indian allies to negotiate with Indians rebels (Lipanes de Abajo); Indians express unhappiness due to extreme harassment by Spanish commander; Indian surrenders who had stabbed a military official. This document presents a diversity of problems and other military concerns with respect to the Indians. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Series of documents concerning report on budget spent in dealing with Comanches; governor Castro reports about military disadvantages of provincias under his supervision; letter notifying the viceroy about death of Indian prisoner; group of soldiers leave to investigate Indian tracks near their headquarters, Indians stole some horses in the area; letter reporting that an Indian woman and two children were killed when Indians confronted the soldiers; diaries of military actions in San Antonio de Bexar; letter notifying viceroy on the arrival of Indian woman and children to the mission of San Antonio de Bexar; letters and reports on various Indian and soldier's confrontations, Indians who were killed were beheaded by soldiers. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Concerns conflict of authority between military officials; woman is kept in captivity; Indians complain of mistreatment by Munoz and ask for his removal so problems between Indians and Spaniards will stop; very detailed narration of Indians being killed by government troops who went in their pursuit, indio Tomas is interrogated under oath, he describes how Indians survived and attacked the Spaniards; Indian prisoner gives account of how Indians planned attack against Spaniards, some Indian nations colluded to attack Spaniards in conjunction and trade items among themselves; report on Indian child being interrogated by Spaniard (text of the interrogation is included); diaries of the pursuit of Indians is sent to the viceroy, chart about the final result of the campaign is included here, chart shows number of Indians and soldiers who were killed in combat, ammunition, weapons used, horses, mules etc.; governor certifies the public exhibition of genitals and limbs of Indians killed in combat during campaign; letter is sent to the viceroy praising heroic action of captain Bustamante against Indian rebels in Palo Blanco; chart showing the general military status of San Antonio de Bexar, chart includes list of military officials and soldiers, horses, mules and different kinds of weapons; statistical chart showing population of the pueblos of Nuevo Santander, its missions and population in every city and town; complete review is carried out of the presidios of the province of Nuevo Santander, report about the visita is sent to the viceroy, report takes into account physical aspects, military conditions, troop's health situation, description of the valleys, rivers and strategic position of presidios. (M. Marroquin, December 1988)

Letters concerning urgent need to pacify Indians whose hostilities are getting out of hand; four muleteers killed at Piedras Azules. F. 471 gives locations of several Mezcalero camps. F. 474 mentions Mezcaleros' corn fields. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Concerning military response to Lipan depredations. Rengel leads expedition of 140 men plus 10 Gileno auxiliaries from Janos to arrest Apaches that have been raiding, hiding out in Guadalupes. F.507 good conduct of Allied Navajos, Yutas, Gicarillas in Nueva Mexico. F.509 mentions Yutas also Allied with Lipanes, Lipiyanes, followed by letters stating this is impossible. F.515 search for bodies of muleteers presumed killed by Indians on Sierra Madre, now buried under snow. F.521 mentions Mescalero auxiliaries' hands covered in the blood of Lipanes. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Many vague, vaguely related documents concerning political affairs, dealings with Indians. F.481 mentions union of Lipanes with Yutas. F.487 death of Castro's Young son from exposure during trip to Santa Rosa. F.490 Elquezabal grants permission for Aga'a camp to trade with Spanish for corn, pumpkins, other comestibles. F.494 Comanches (through interpreter Chabes) return to Fernandez some livestock stolen from Cortes. F.495 Comanche baptized shortly before dying of illness. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters from Borica concerning plans to reduce Apaches at San Antonio Bexar or Espiritu Santo. Mention Apaches already pacified around Janos, Carrizal, San Elzeario. Discusses adjustments needed for negotiations since Mescalero Capitancillos murdered two Lipanes of Pino Blanco's family; mentions exchange of gifts between Capitancillos, Spaniards. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Four letters discussing same topic of Lipan pacification. Borica suggests sending reinforcements to Norte against invasion Lipanes are planning, according to info from Mescalero Capitancillos, who ask defense of their camps if necessary. He suggests using Opatas, other Sonoran troops to conquer Quegocac's camp, only one still hostile. Mescalero Capitancillos give proof of their friendship with Spaniards by Murdering two Lipan families of Pino-blanco's camp that had come to deal peace agreements; Spanish plan to retract their support in light of such barbarous action. Lipanes are divided, some wanting to stay at war, some wishing reconciliation. Mention of method suggested by Diaz for conquering Lipanes preferring war. F.441 is considerably bright. F.445 begins to speak of christianizing Apaches. Mentions need to obstruct trade between Lipanes and Indians further north. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Letters between viceroy, comandante generals discussing peace negotiations with Lipanes. F.400 describes location of camps of Apache Capitancillos, some of whom have gone to rejoin their bands; mentions none are on horseback. F.401 mentions treaties with various Apache bands of Nueva Vizcaya, suggests those now seeking peace are false, should be considered a disease and exterminated . . . Subsist on war, only pretending to wish peace. detail on Spanish idea of Lipan character. F.416 mentions severe rains of October, 1792 making travel miserable. F.418-421 discusses part of real reglamiento de presidios (apparently) stating that opposition to treaties with Indians is diametrically opposed to spirit of peace Spanish are trying to convey. F.424 discusses heirarchy of bands of Apaches, good detail. F.426 mentions Mescaleras curing bison meat. F.427 discusses broad union of Mescaleros, Lipanos, llaneros seemingly for hunting together; mentions murder of Lipanes by Spanish civilians, what to do with captives. (A. Dean, October 1989)